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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Is part of the peripheral nervous system and it contains 2 neurons in its pathway (vs only 1 in the somatic nervous system).
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The preganglionic Neuron is:
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-myelinated
-Cell body is in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord and CNS nuclei -travels from the CNS to a ganglion |
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What is a ganglion?
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A collection of nerve cell bodies lying outside the CNS
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The postganglionic Neuron is
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-non-myelinated
-cell body is located in the ganglion -travels from the ganglion to the effector organ -controls involuntary functions of the body (smooth and cardiac muscle, organ function) -receives imput from the special senses, autonomic sensory neurons/receptors (monitoring events like carbon dioxide levels in the blood, stretch on organs and other intercepters. |
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The postganglionic is located where? and is regulated by what?
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The postgaglionic neuron cell body is located in the ganglion and is located by the hypothalamus.
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The Autonomic nervous system breaks up into two divisions.
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The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
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What is associated with the alarm response (the fight or flight response, is our primary response to stress, favors physical activity and AtP production, the ganglia are closer to the spine in general, and is also known as the Thoracolumbar division because the preganglionic neurons exit from the thoracic and upper lumbar regions?
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The sympathetic Nervous system is:
associated with the alarm response (the fight or flight response, is our primary response to stress, favors physical activity and AtP production, the ganglia are closer to the spine in general, and is also known as the Thoracolumbar division because the preganglionic neurons exit from the thoracic and upper lumbar regions |
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What part of the sympathetic nervous system extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx, and receives innervation from spinal nerves T1 to T12 and L1 and L2?
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the sympathetic chain ganglia
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The sympathetic chain ganglia
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is located on each side of the vertebral column
-mostly supplies sympathetic innervation to structures above the diaphragm -receives myelinated neurons from the CNS -many axons will travel (ascend or descend) to other levels of the sympathetic chain ganglia, then continue on to synapse with the prevertebral ganglia. -some axons will end up in the adrenal medulla. |
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Prevertebral Ganglia
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includes celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia
-mostly provides sympathetic innervation to structures below the diaphragm |
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The sympathetic nervous system nerve pathways to the sweat glands
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The preganglionic neuron releases Ach to stimulate the postganglionic neuron (the synapse is in the ganglion.) The postganglionic neuron then releases Ach to the sweat glands.
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What is a cholinergic neuron?
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A neuron that releases Ach is referred to as a cholinergic neuron (pregaglionic neurons)
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When the sympathetic nervous system nerve pathways are to other effector organs...
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the preganglionic neurons release ach to stimulate the postganglionic neuron. the postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine on to the effector organ. Then, another preganglionic neuron carries the same impulse to the Adrenal medulla that then releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood. These substances stimulate receptor sites on the effector organ.
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What is A neuron that releases Norepinephrine called?
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An Adrenergic neuron releases norepinephrine.
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What is the difference between a Cholinergic neuron and a Adrenergic neuron?
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A Cholinergic neuron is a preganglionic neuron that releases Ach. And, a Adrenergic neuron is a postgaglionic neuron that releases norepinephrine.
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What is known as the rest and digest system, (or an older term is the feed and breed system), it supports vegetative functions, and in general the ganglia are located on or near the organ that they effect? It is also known as the Craniosacral divison because the preganglionic neurons exit with certain cranial nerves and the sacral nerves.
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The parasympathetic nervous system is:
known as the rest and digest system, (or an older term is the feed and breed system), it supports vegetative functions, and in general the ganglia are located on or near the organ that they effect? It is also known as the Craniosacral divison because the preganglionic neurons exit with certain cranial nerves and the sacral nerves. |
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What receives its nerve supply from CN III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and Sacral spinal nerves two through 4?
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the parasympathetic nervous system.
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What is CN III called?
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Oculomotor
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What is CN VII called?
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Facial
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What is Cranial Nerve IX called?
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glossopharyngeal
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What is CN X called?
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Vagus
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In what nervous system:
-are the ganglia usually located on or in the wall of the structure that they innervate -the main ganglia include the ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular and otic ganglia |
The parasympathetic nervous system.
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Approximately 80% of the parasympathetic innervation is provided by what?
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Cranial Nerve X (the vagus nerve)
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In parasympathetic nervous system pathways
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the preganglionic neuron is cholinergic (releases Ach) and the postganglionic neuron is also cholinergic and synapses with the effector organ.
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The receptors in a parasympathetic nervous system:
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have a variety of specific receptors that are associated with various effector organs.
- there are two type of cholinergic receptors (release Ach) the nicotinic receptors and the muscarinic receptors. |
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One of the cholinergic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system is the nicotinic receptor and these receptors:
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respond to nicotine as well as Ach and are found in dendrites and cell membranes of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and neuromuscular junctions.
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One of the cholinergic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system is the muscarinic receptors, and these:
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respond to muscarine (a poisonous chemical found in some mushrooms) as well as Ach. They are found in the cell membranes of smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands.
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What is muscarine?
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a poisonous chemical found in some mushrooms.
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What are the two cholinergic (release Ach) receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system?
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The nicotinic receptors and the muscarinic receptors.
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In the liver: the selected responses to the autonomic nervous system are:
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The parasympathetic nervous system: promotes glycogen synthesis and the
Sympathetic nervous system: promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose |
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In the Iris: the selected responses to the autonomic nervous system are:
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in the parasympathetic nervous system: the pupil constriction
in the sympathetic nervous system: the pupil dilation. |
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In the lungs: the response to the ANS are:
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in the parasympathetic NS: the airway constriction
in the sympathetic NS: airway dilation. |
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In the stomach and intestines, the response to the ANS are:
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in the parasympathetic NS : promotes motility and sphincter relaxation.
in the sympathetic NS: decreased motility and constriction of sphincters. |
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In the heart, the response to the Autonomic nervous sytem:
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the parasympathetic nervous system: has a decreased heart rate.
the sympathetic nervous system: has an increased heart rate and force. |
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in the pancreas, the response to the ANS
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the parasympathetic NS response is secretion of digestive enzymes.
In the sympathetic NS the response inhibits the release of enzymes. |
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In response to the autonomic nervous system, the sweat glands perspiration
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in the parasympathetic NS has no effect
and in the sympathetic NS has increase. |
