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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The long extensor tendons include

-Extensors of the wrist


-Extensors of the digits

Extensors of the wrist are

-ECRL


-ECRB


-ECU

Extensors of the digits are

-EDC


-EDM (extensor digiti minimi)


-APL (abductor policis longus)


-EPB


-EPL


-EI (extensor incidius)

These tendons pass the wrist to attach to the carpal bones, metacarpal bone, or the dorsum of the fingers.

The long extensors tendons

At the wrist, the long extensor tendons pass under the EXTENSOR RETINACULUM through WHAT

dorsal fibrous compartments I-VI

Extension of the wrist can also be called

dorsi flexion of the wrist.

What is the name of a strong fibrous band that holds the extensor tendons in place?

The extensor retinaculum

The extensor retinaculum attaches to what? (laterally and medially)

-Laterally: the distal end of the radius


-Medially: the styloid process of the ulna, the triquetrum and pisiform bones

The extensor retinaculum functions as a pulley to prevent WHAT?

Bowstringing of the long extensor tendons during wrist extension (dorsiflexion)

How many compartments of the extensor retinaculum is there?

6! (I-VI)

The long extensor tendons pass through the six compartments, which are listed from _________ to __________.

lateral to medial

Compartment I muscles

APL and EPB

Compartment II muscles

ECRL and ECRB

Compartment III muscles

EPL

Comparmtnet IV

EDC and EI

Compartment V muscles

EDM

Compartment VI muscles

ECU

From the forearm _____ and ______ cross over diagonally.

ECRL and ECRB

Each compartment of the extensor retinaculum forms an

osseofibrous tunnel

When passing through the osseofibrous tunnel (under the extensor retinaculum), the tendons in each compartments are surrounded by

synovial sheaths, which protect them against friction.

After passing through the extensor retinaculum, the tendons of the extensors of the digits continue (proximally or distally)

Distally

Digits 3 and 4 get how many tendons each?

One! (EDC only)

Digits 2 and 5 get how many tendons each?

Two! (EDC plus EI and EDM, respectively)

SO, the middle finger (digit III) and the ring finger (digit IV) only get

the EDC tendon

BUT, the pointer finger (digit II) gets the

EDC tendon and the EI tendon

AND the pinky finger (digit V) gets the

EDC tendon and the EDM tendon

In the pointer finger (digit II) and the pinky finger (digit V), the ___ tendons are radial (lateral) to the accessory long extensor tendons (____ and ____).

EDC tendons are radial/lateral


to the long extensor tendons (EI and EDM)

In the pointer finger (digit II), the ___ tendon is ulnar (medial) to the ___ tendon

EI is ulnar to the EDC

In the pinky finger (digit V), the ___ tendon is ulnar to the ____ tendon

EDM tendon is ulnar to EDC

EDC is always ______ to other tendons

RADIAL

OTHERS =

ULNAR

Just proximal to the MP joints the tendons of the EDC communicate through tendinous junctions. What is this called?

Juncturae Tendinum

What does the juncture tendinum prevent?

Digits 3 and 4 from being able to extend individually

Distal to the MP joints, on the dorsum of the digits, the long extensor tendons of the digits (EDC, EI, EDM) do what?

Expand and become flat

They are joined by the tendons of the intrinsic hand muscles (interossei and lumbricals) to form the _______________ which extends from the MP joint to the base of the distal phalanx.

digital extensor expansion

What is a structure on the posterior surface of all digits that is made rfom the expansion of the tendons of the long extensor muscles of the digits called?

Extensor Expansion

What muscles does the extensor expansion include?

EDC, EI, and EDM

What tendons make up the thumb extensor expansion ?

EPL and EPB

In the fingers (NOT in the thumb), the tendons of the lumbricals and interossei muscles joint the extensor expansion at the (same/different) levels.

Different!

The LUMBRICALS join more DISTAL than the

interossei muslces!

The portion of the extensor expansion where the tendons of the long extensor muscle of the digits are held down to the bone at the level of the MP joint by a structure called the

Extensor hood (or sagittal bands)

What part of the extensor expansion extends the MP joints?

Extensor hood

This structure holds down the tendons as they come into the MP joint (it is the part that extends the MP joint)

Extensor hood

Where are the following structures founds?


-Extensor hood (sagittal bands)


-Central tendon (central slip)


-Lateral bands (slips)


-Terminal tendon


-Interossei muscles


-Lumbricals

The posterior surface of the digits

This structure is part of the extensor expansion and inserts into the base of the middle phalanx.

Central tendon (central slip)

What joint does the central tendon (central slip) extend?

the PIP joint (because it extends to the middle phalanx)

Prior to the insertion of the central tendon into the middle phalanx, the tendons divide into

two lateral bands (slips)

The lateral bands then rejoin distally, to form the

terminal tendon

Which part of the extensor expansion inserts into the base of the distal phalanx?

terminal tendon

Which tendon extends the DIP joint?

Terminal tendon

The interossei muscles insert into the extensor expansion at the level of the

extensor hood (more proximal)

The lumbricals insert just distal to

the extensor hood (more distal)

When contracting, the intrinsic muscles (lumbricals and interossei) perform a combined movement of

MP flexion and PIP + DIP extension



(The line of pull is from the palmar surface to the dorsal surface anterior to the MP joint)