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51 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the urinary system consist of
2 kidneys, 2 ureter, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra
which kidney is slightly lower
right
what is superior and medial to each kidney, part of the endocrine system and located in the fatty capsule surrounding each kidney
suprarenal gland
what connects each kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
serves as a reservoir that stores urine until it can be eliminated
urinary bladder
what is the distal part that urine goes through to be eliminated
urethra
lies in the upper posterior abdomen on either side of the vertebral column, retroperitoneal
kidneys
lies anterior to it's respected kidney, follows natural curve of vertebral column
ureter
connects bladder to exterior, infraperitoneal
urethra
normal kidney rotation
30°, body is rotated 30°in each direction to place one kidney and then the other parallel to the image receptor
what is the vertical angle of kidney
20°
if the patient is supine and on expiration where does the kidney lie
the kidneys normally lie about halfway between the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
left kidney is usually at the level of
t11-t12 interspace
bottom of the right kidney is most often level with superior end plate of
L3
when one inhales deeply the kidneys drop
2.5cm or 1 in
when one stand upright the kidneys usually drop
one lumbar vertebra or 5cm, 2in
if kidneys drop farther then this a condition termed
nephroptosis
what is the primary function of the kidneys
production of urine and it's elimination
during urine production the kidneys perform what 3 functions
1. remove nitrogenous waste 2. regulate water levels in the body 3. regulate acid base balance and electrolyte levels of blood
what is the average water intake in 24 hours, what is average of urine formed
2.5 L, 1.5 L
outer covering of the kidney is termed
renal (fibrous) capsule
directly under the renal capsule, surrounding each kidney is the
cortex
under the cortex is the internal structure termed the_____, which is composed of 8 to 18 conical masses termed
medulla, renal pyramid
cortex periodically dip between the pyramids to form the
renal columns
renal pyramid are primarily a collection of tubules that converge at an opening called the
renal papilla (apex)
the renal papilla drains into the
minor calyces
appear as hollow flattened tubes
calyces
4 to 13 minor calyces unite to form 2 or 3
major calyces
major calyces unit to form the ___ which appears in the shape of a large flattened funnel
renal pelvis
each renal pelvis narrows and continues as the
ureter
term used to describe the total functioning portion of the kidney
renal parenchyma
structural and functional unit of the kidney is the microscopic
nephron
small arteries in the renal cortex form tiny capillary tufts termed___, blood is initially forced through these
glomeruli
supply blood to the glomeruli
afferent arterioles
take blood away to a secondary capillary network
efferent arterioles
each glomerulus is surrounded by
glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule)
the glomerular filtrate travels from the ___ to a ___ to the ____ and ____ of the _____ to a____ to a ____ and finally into a ___
glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule, descending and ascending limbs, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, minor calyx
between the Bowman's capsule and the minor calyces how much of the filtrate is reabsorbed
99%
transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
what is the length of the ureter
28 to 34 cm
how many constricted points exist along each ureter
3
1st point, renal pelvis funnels down the small ureter
ureteropelvic junction
2nd point, iliac blood vessels cross over the ureter
brim of pelvis
3rd point, where ureter joins the bladder
ureterovesical junction
triangular portion of the bladder along the inner, posterior surface is termed
trigone
in males the gland that surrounds the proximal urethra is the
prostate gland
how long is the female urethra
4cm or 1 and a half in
how long is the male urethra
17.5 to 20 cm
the act of voiding or urination
micturition
the inability to void which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate
retention
involuntary passage of urine through the urethra, commonly caused by failure of voluntary control of the vesical and urethral sphincter
urinary incontinence