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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the urinary system consist of
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2 kidneys, 2 ureter, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra
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which kidney is slightly lower
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right
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what is superior and medial to each kidney, part of the endocrine system and located in the fatty capsule surrounding each kidney
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suprarenal gland
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what connects each kidney to the urinary bladder
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ureter
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serves as a reservoir that stores urine until it can be eliminated
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urinary bladder
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what is the distal part that urine goes through to be eliminated
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urethra
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lies in the upper posterior abdomen on either side of the vertebral column, retroperitoneal
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kidneys
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lies anterior to it's respected kidney, follows natural curve of vertebral column
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ureter
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connects bladder to exterior, infraperitoneal
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urethra
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normal kidney rotation
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30°, body is rotated 30°in each direction to place one kidney and then the other parallel to the image receptor
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what is the vertical angle of kidney
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20°
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if the patient is supine and on expiration where does the kidney lie
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the kidneys normally lie about halfway between the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
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left kidney is usually at the level of
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t11-t12 interspace
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bottom of the right kidney is most often level with superior end plate of
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L3
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when one inhales deeply the kidneys drop
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2.5cm or 1 in
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when one stand upright the kidneys usually drop
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one lumbar vertebra or 5cm, 2in
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if kidneys drop farther then this a condition termed
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nephroptosis
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what is the primary function of the kidneys
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production of urine and it's elimination
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during urine production the kidneys perform what 3 functions
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1. remove nitrogenous waste 2. regulate water levels in the body 3. regulate acid base balance and electrolyte levels of blood
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what is the average water intake in 24 hours, what is average of urine formed
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2.5 L, 1.5 L
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outer covering of the kidney is termed
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renal (fibrous) capsule
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directly under the renal capsule, surrounding each kidney is the
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cortex
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under the cortex is the internal structure termed the_____, which is composed of 8 to 18 conical masses termed
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medulla, renal pyramid
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cortex periodically dip between the pyramids to form the
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renal columns
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renal pyramid are primarily a collection of tubules that converge at an opening called the
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renal papilla (apex)
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the renal papilla drains into the
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minor calyces
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appear as hollow flattened tubes
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calyces
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4 to 13 minor calyces unite to form 2 or 3
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major calyces
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major calyces unit to form the ___ which appears in the shape of a large flattened funnel
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renal pelvis
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each renal pelvis narrows and continues as the
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ureter
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term used to describe the total functioning portion of the kidney
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renal parenchyma
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structural and functional unit of the kidney is the microscopic
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nephron
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small arteries in the renal cortex form tiny capillary tufts termed___, blood is initially forced through these
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glomeruli
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supply blood to the glomeruli
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afferent arterioles
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take blood away to a secondary capillary network
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efferent arterioles
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each glomerulus is surrounded by
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glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule)
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the glomerular filtrate travels from the ___ to a ___ to the ____ and ____ of the _____ to a____ to a ____ and finally into a ___
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glomerular capsule,proximal convoluted tubule, descending and ascending limbs, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, minor calyx
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between the Bowman's capsule and the minor calyces how much of the filtrate is reabsorbed
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99%
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transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
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ureter
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what is the length of the ureter
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28 to 34 cm
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how many constricted points exist along each ureter
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3
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1st point, renal pelvis funnels down the small ureter
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ureteropelvic junction
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2nd point, iliac blood vessels cross over the ureter
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brim of pelvis
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3rd point, where ureter joins the bladder
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ureterovesical junction
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triangular portion of the bladder along the inner, posterior surface is termed
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trigone
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in males the gland that surrounds the proximal urethra is the
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prostate gland
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how long is the female urethra
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4cm or 1 and a half in
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how long is the male urethra
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17.5 to 20 cm
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the act of voiding or urination
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micturition
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the inability to void which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate
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retention
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involuntary passage of urine through the urethra, commonly caused by failure of voluntary control of the vesical and urethral sphincter
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urinary incontinence
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