Chapter 14: The Civil War

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Free Soil Party

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It was a short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections, and in some state elections.

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Fugitive Slave Law

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It was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. It declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters.

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Harriet Tubman

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was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War.she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.

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Ostend Manifesto

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It was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and implied the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused.

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Kansas Nebraska Act

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This created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.

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William Proviso

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Lead one of the major events leading to the Civil War, would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession, but which some proponents construed to also include the disputed lands in south Texas and New Mexico east of the Rio Grande.

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William Lloyd Garrison

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He was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.

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Frederick Douglass

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He was an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. He became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining renown for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing.

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Popular Sovereignty

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It is the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

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Underground Railroad

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It was an informal network of secret routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United States to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists who were sympathetic to their cause.

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Compromise of 1850

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It was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1850, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican-American War.

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Dred Scott Decision

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That people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves were not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens

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Panic of 1857

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It was a financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin

Back 14

is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe, which helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War. It was the best-selling novel of the 19th century.

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Bleeding Kansas

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It was a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858.

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Crittenden Compromise

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It was an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.

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Fort Sumter

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The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter.

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Jefferson Davis

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He was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War; serving as the President for its entire history.

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Anaconda Plan

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It is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two.

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Robert E. Lee

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He was a career United States Army officer and combat engineer. He became the commanding general of the Confederate army in the American Civil War and a postwar icon of the South's "lost cause".

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Ulysses S. Grant

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He was the 18th President of the United States as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America.

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Iron Clads

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It was a steam-propelled warship in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, protected by iron or steel armor plates.Iron clasds were used by both the union and the confederate during the civil war.

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Battle of Antietam

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It was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil.

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Emancipation Proclamation

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It was an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.

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54th Regiment

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It was one of the first official black units in the United States during the Civil War. They area best known for fighting at Fort Wagner, where they lost half of their regiment, but they were also recognized and honored by the Union.

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Morril Tariff Act of 1861

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It's a law that raised rates to protect and encourage industry, and high wages to industrial workers

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Homestead act of 1862

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Gave 160 acres of under developed federal land, which included free slaves, they had to live on it for 5 years and be 21years or older.

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Legal Tender Act of 1862

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Created to issue paper money to finance the civil war without raising taxes

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Pacific Railway Act of 1862

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Promote the construction of the continental railroad, government bonds to railroad companies

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National Bank Act of 1863

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established national charters for banks, and encourage the development of a national currency

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Battle of Gettysburg

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It was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War, it is often described as the war's turning point. The civil war had a major victory in this battle.

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Battle of Vicksburg

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Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi.