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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Irish Immigrants
2 million from potato famine mid 1840's
largest group of immigrants between 1830 and Civil Way
German Immigrants
Largest group of immigrants by 1900
mid-west/wisconsin
better educated-Kindergarten
Nativism
Anti-foreignism
Nativists hated immigrants, felt overwhelmed
Know-Nothing Party
Advocated rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization
Sided towards Whigs
Violent
Samuel Slater
Father of Factory System
1791 built first efficient cotton-spinning machine in america
Eli Whitney first invention
1793 Cotton Gin
South's nickname for cotton growing
King Cotton
Eli Whitney second invention
interchangeable parts 1798
muskets for army
Elias Howe
Crude sewing machine in 1846
Isaac Singer
Better sewing maching
Manufacturing of clothing went from home to factory
Samuel Morse
telegraph
Frances Cabot Lowell
Built first dual-purpose textile plant
Lowell Mills 1814
Lowell farm girls
Farmer's daughters hired in Lowell mills.
Led to more independence for young women.
Why did New England become the center of the Industrial Revolution?
rocky soil
dense population provides labor force
shipping brought in capital
seaports made easy imports and exports
rapid rivers = abundant power
Nation's Breadbasket
Old Northwest
Ohio-Illinois-Indiana
Used Mississippi to feed King Cotton
John Deere
Steel Plow
Cyrus McCormick
Mechanical Mower-reaper
How did farming change?
From substinence to Large-Scale, cash-crop
bought more land and machinery=debt
Transportation Revolution
Desire of East to tap West's natural resources
Created natoinal market economy.
Created regional specialization: West=breadbasket; East=industry; South=cash crops.
First Turnpike
Lancaster Turnpike (1790)
Pennsylvania
Who opposed Turnpikes?
States righters opposed federal aid to local projects.
National Road
Cumberland Road (1811)
passed by congress in 1806.
became virtual highway to west
Major mode of transportation (3 uses)
Conestoga wagon
Erie Canal
1825
Supported entirely by NY Gov. DeWitt Clinton
Robert Fulton
Steamboat 1807
Allowed 2 way travel in all rivers
Railroad
Most significant contribution to transportation.
East Specialization
Industrial-most populous
South Specialization
Cotton-slavery
West Specialization
Breadbasket-Fastest growing population
(because of Transportation)
What happened as a result of regional specialization?
East and West were connected economically
South isolated
Division of Labor
Women's work no longer significant
Stayed at home, the special Woman's sphere
Movement of people from ____ areas to ____
Rural areas --- cities
Cities led to...
Social stratification
Rich vs. Poor
Immigration
led to greatest % increase in population
Pony Express
1860
carried mail 2000 miles in approx 10 days