Chapter 14 Study Section

Front 1

allergen

Back 1

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in the body; a type of antigen

Front 2

anaphylaxis

Back 2

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.

Front 3

atopy

Back 3

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek word atopia, which means strangeness.

Front 4

CD4+ cells

Back 4

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface. HIV binds to C
D4 and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein.

Front 5

Hodgkin disease

Back 5

Malignant tumor of lymph tissue in spleen and lymph nodes; Reed-Sternberg cell often is found on microscopic analysis.

Front 6

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 6

Virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS.

Front 7

Kaposi sacroma

Back 7

Malignant (cancerous) condition associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as bluish-red skin nodules.

Front 8

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Back 8

Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.

Front 9

opportunistic infections

Back 9

Infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because HIV infection lowers the body's resistant and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained.

Front 10

protease inhibitor

Back 10

Drug that treats AID by blocking the production of protease, a protelytic enzyme that helps to create new viral pieces for HIV.

Front 11

retrovirus

Back 11

RNA virus that makes copies of itself by using the host cell's DNA; this is in reverse (retro-) fashion because the regular method is for DNA to copy itself onto RNA. A retrovirus (like HIV) carries an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, that enables it to reproduce within the host cell.

Front 12

reverse transriptase inhibitor

Back 12

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.