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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is more stressful: daily hassles or major life events? |
over the long term, daily hassles |
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When are events most stressful |
when there is nothing to be done to counter it |
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People in NYC during 9/11 were victim to high levels of stress. What were some of the symptoms that they faced as a result? |
less gray matter in the amygdala, hippocampus, insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.... reduced size because these play roles in emotino, memory and decision making |
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What is the exact physical chain of actions that occur during fight-or-flight response? |
HPA Axis: hypothalamus activation--> stimulates nearby pituitary gland--> releases ACTH hormone-->ACTH travels through bloodstream and stimulates adrenal gland--->release hormones including catecholamines which increase sympathetic nervous system activity, decrease parasypmathetic ns |
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what is released by the adrenal glands |
hormones including catecholomines and cortisol |
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What are the three phases of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) |
1. alarm phase 2. resistance phase 3. exhaustion phase |
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In what ways does the GAS vary |
that ish aint neva varied |
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What occurs during the alarm phase of the GAS |
-body rapidly mobilizes its resources to respond to the treat -energy is required, and the body calls on its stored fat and muscle -equivalent to fight-or-flight response |
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What occurs during the resistance phase of the GAS |
-body adapts to high state of arousal -still draws on fat and muscle for energy -shuts down unnecessary processes such as digestion, growth, sex drive, menstruation -body taxed to generate resistance |
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-what occurs during the exhaustion phase of the GAS |
body's resistance collapses... only if GAS continues long enough |
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What happens to telomeres each time a cell divides? Why is this good or bad? How is this countered? |
telomeres become a bit shorter. This is bad because if cells become too short they can no longer divide and this can lead to tumors and other diseases. Telomerase helps to rebuild them. |
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What causes aging |
telomerase not being able to keep up with telemore degradation, and cells lose their ability to divide |
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What did Elizabeth Blackburn contribute to science |
she discovered the functions of telomeres and telomerase |
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With regards to cells, how does stress affect aging |
it speeds it up because social stressors shorten telomere length and can lower telomerase activity |
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How does cortisol effect telomeres and telomerase |
cortisol reduces activity of telomerase, which leads to shortened telomeres |
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What is psychoneuroimmunology |
the study of how the immune system responds to psychological variables such as the presence of stressors |
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what are glucocorticoids |
hormones, caused by stressors, that flood the brain and wear down the immune system |
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People who had a cut in their mouth during exam season healed less quickly than those in the summer. What can this be attributed to? |
glucocorticoids and the vulnerability of the immune system due to stress |
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What is the main cause of coronary heart disease |
atherosclerosis, a gradual narrowing of the arteries that occurs as fatty deposits, or plaque, build up on the inner walls of the arteries |
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how does stress contribute to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease |
result of stress-activated arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, BP rises, damaging the blood vessels causing them to accumulate plaque |
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Who's more likely to have a heart attack: a type A or B personality. |
type A (2/3) type b (1/3) |
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How is responding to stress with anger correlated to heart disease |
people who respond wth anger found 3 times more likely to dvlp premature heart disease and 6x morelikely to have an early heart attack |
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What is primary and secondary appraisal |
the interpretation of a stimulus as stressful or not (primary).. secondary: determining whether the stressor is something you can handle or not |
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How do threats and challenges differ in the way the body reacts to them |
threats and challenges: both increase HR, but threats increase vascular reactivity |
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To whom is burnout a particular problem and why |
people in the helping professions such as doctors, teachers, nurses because of the amount of emotional turmoil |
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what causes burnout |
main culprit: allowing your job to give meaning to your life |
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What are three ways to manage your mind in dealing with anxiety |
repressive coping rational coping reframing |
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how does not getting married affect your health |
negatively. elevated risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, pneumonia, etc. -lonely people more likely to be stressed/depressed (hurts immune system) |
