Chapter 14: Personality Psychology

Front 1

personality

Back 1

relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behaviour across many situations/ a person's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and acting

Front 2

nomothetic approach

Back 2

strives to understand personality by identifying general laws that govern the behaviour of all individuals, doesn't investigate the causes

Front 3

idiographic approach

Back 3

understand personality by identifying the unique configuration of characteristics and life history experience within a person

Front 4

psychic determinism

Back 4

assumption that all psychological events have a cause. We have no free will and are governed by unconscious internal processes.

Front 5

symbolic meaning

Back 5

no action is meaningless and is always symbolic of something else

Front 6

unconscious motivation

Back 6

part of personality of which we're unaware and we are always dealing with with these leakage from our unconscious

Front 7

ID

Back 7

our basic instincts, part of personality structure

Front 8

pleasure principle

Back 8

striving for immediate gratification of basic needs

Front 9

ego

Back 9

Mediator. Rational and logical part of our personality that constrains us to reality

Front 10

superego

Back 10

unreal internalized morality and values that makes us feel guilt and judges our actions.

Front 11

reality principle

Back 11

strives to delay gratification until it can find an appropriate outlet

Front 12

oral stage

Back 12

Mouth, satisfaction for food. Oral behaviours. Demanding, and prone to overeat.

Front 13

anal stage

Back 13

Learning how to control your vowels. Consequences are being rigid, excessively neat or stubborn

Front 14

phallic stage

Back 14

discover sexual organs for pleasure. attracted to parent of opposite sex.

Front 15

latency stage

Back 15

calm period where we forget everything, and ID desires are submerged in unconscious

Front 16

genital stage

Back 16

sexual impulses reawaken, formation of mature romantic relationships

Front 17

reliability

Back 17

consistency of measurement

Front 18

validity

Back 18

a test that measures what we want to measure and is accurate

Front 19

projective hypothesis

Back 19

the way you interpret ambiguous stimuli and what you see

Front 20

Rorschach inkblot test

Back 20

test with no reliability. interpret ambiguous pictures.

Front 21

Albert Bandura

Back 21

UBC psychologist that develops social learning theory. Social context on behaviour, reciprocal determinism developed

Front 22

reciprocal determinism

Back 22

tendency for people to mutually influence each other's behaviour through observational learning and personality develops over time

Front 23

locus of control

Back 23

extent to which people believe that reinforcers or punishers lie inside or outside of their control

Front 24

external locus of control

Back 24

we do not have control on our lives

Front 25

internal locus of control

Back 25

what happens on our lives is controlled by us

Front 26

humanism

Back 26

emphasis con capacity fro growth freedom to choose a destiny, and positive qualities of human beings

Front 27

psychodynamic approach

Back 27

created by Freud to explain how personality is constructed and how it works

Front 28

Maslow

Back 28

proposes models of people who are self actualized

Front 29

Rogers

Back 29

person who says we are always striving for self actualization

Front 30

organism

Back 30

component of personality. genetically influenced blueprint, that is innately good and helpful

Front 31

self actualization

Back 31

driving force to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent, human nature is inherently constructive

Front 32

self concept

Back 32

beliefs about ourselves matter

Front 33

conditions of worth

Back 33

the amount of worth we assign to ourselves, our actions, and others. Driven by approval from others, and the need to be loved

Front 34

Walter Mischel

Back 34

psychologist who publishes a book saying that it's not about personality it is about the situation that influences our actions

Front 35

social learning theory

Back 35

main exponent is Albert Bandura. Our thoughts and cognitive processes also affect our behaviours and personalities.

Front 36

Trait Approach

Back 36

consistency of feeling thinking and acting. Five traits studied as the big five. It is a "what" explanation for personality.

Front 37

conscientiousness

Back 37

Related to having high grades. People who tend to be careful and responsible.

Front 38

extroversion

Back 38

people who tend to be social and lively

Front 39

agreeableness

Back 39

people who tend to be sociable and easy to get along with

Front 40

openness to experience

Back 40

people who tend to be intellectually curious and unconventional

Front 41

neuroticism

Back 41

people who tend to be tense and moody

Front 42

thematic appreciation test (TAT)

Back 42

tell a tale test, where you have to tell a story based on different pictures.

Front 43

graphology

Back 43

evaluating personality by the way you write

Front 44

ten item personality inventory

Back 44

rate different traits from 1-7 to see how much they apply to you. Self report measure of personality.

Front 45

big five inventory

Back 45

self report inventory to measure the big five dimensions

Front 46

MMPI

Back 46

measures abnormal personality traits, and mental illnesses

Front 47

Myers Briggs Test

Back 47

typological approach to personality based on Carl Jung. Low level of reliability, thus of validity too .

Front 48

interactionism

Back 48

both person and behaviour are predictors of behaviour