Chapter 14: Nervous Tissue

Front 1

Name the 2 ways to divide the nervous system

Back 1

1. Structural (CNS) (PNS)
2. Functional (Somatic division) (Motor division)

Front 2

Receives sensory input from receptors and transmits info to the CNS

Back 2

Sensory (Afferent) division

Front 3

Transmits motor impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

Back 3

Motor (efferent) division

Front 4

name the 2 components of the sensory division

Back 4

Somatic sensory and Visceral Sensory

Front 5

name the 2 components of the Motor division

Back 5

Somatic motor and autonomic motor

Front 6

receives sensory info. from skin,fascia, joints, skeletal muscles, special senses.

Back 6

somatic sensory component (part of the sensory division)

Front 7

receives sensory information from viscera

Back 7

visceral sensory component (part of sensory division)

Front 8

"voluntary" nervous system: innerviates muscle

Back 8

Somatic Motor component (motor division)

Front 9

:involuntary nervous system: innerviates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

Back 9

autonomic motor component (motor division)

Front 10

name the two types of nervous tissue

Back 10

neurons and glial cells

Front 11

charateristics of neurons

Back 11

1. high metabolic rate
2. extreme longevity
3. non-mitotic

Front 12

name the typical parts of a neuron

Back 12

dendrites, cell body, axon

Front 13

the neurons control center that receives, integrates, and sends nerve impulses.

Back 13

cell body

Front 14

short smaller processes that branch off the cell body transmits impulses toward the cell body

Back 14

dendrites

Front 15

long process emanating from the cell body. transmits impulses away from the cell body

Back 15

axon

Front 16

2 ways that neurons are classified

Back 16

structure (# of processes extending from the body) and function

Front 17

neuron with a single process

Back 17

unipolar neuron

Front 18

neuron with a two processes

Back 18

bipolar neuron

Front 19

neuron with multiple processes

Back 19

multipolar neurons

Front 20

also known as association neurons, they facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons.

Back 20

interneurons.

Front 21

physically protect and help nourish neurons, and provide an organized, supporting framework for all nervous tissue

Back 21

glial cells

Front 22

name the glial cell found in the CNS

Back 22

astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocyte

Front 23

name the glial cells found in the PSN

Back 23

satellite cells and neurolemmocytes

Front 24

a starlike shape due to projections from their surface. the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, and they constitute over 90% of the tissue in some areas of the brain.

Back 24

Astrocytes

Front 25

also called Schwann cells, are associated with PNS axons and are responsible for myelinating PNS axons

Back 25

Neurolemmocytes

Front 26

process by which part of an axon is wrapped with a myelin sheath, a protective fatty coating that gives it glossy-white appearance.

Back 26

Myelination

Front 27

supports, protects, and insulates an axon.

Back 27

myelin sheath

Front 28

In the PNS, myelin sheaths form from

Back 28

neurolemmocytes

Front 29

In the CNS, myelin sheaths form from

Back 29

oligodendrocytes

Front 30

In a myelinated axon, the nerve impulse “jumps” from neurofibril node to neurofibril node and is known as

Back 30

saltatory conduction

Front 31

In an unmyelinated axon, the nerve impulse must travel the entire length of the axon, a process called

Back 31

continuous conduction

unmyelinated axons conduct nerve impulses from pain stimuli.

Front 32

A myelinated axon produces a ____ nerve impulse

Back 32

faster

Front 33

PNS axon regeneration depends upon three factors.

Back 33

- the amount of damage
- neurolemmocyte secretion of nerve growth factors to stimulate outgrowth of severed axons
- the distance between the site of the damaged axon and the effector organ

Front 34

a cable-like bundle of parallel axons

Back 34

A nerve

Front 35

a nerve has three successive connective tissue wrappings (name from smallest to largest

Back 35

endoneurium perineurium epineurium

Front 36

convey sensory information to the CNS.

Back 36

Sensory (efferent) nerves

Front 37

convey motor impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands

Back 37

Motor (efferent) nerves

Front 38

An axon transmits a nerve impulse at a specialized junction with another neuron called

Back 38

synapse

Front 39

transmit nerve impulses along their axonal membranes toward a synapse.

Back 39

Presynaptic neurons

Front 40

conduct nerve impulses through their dendritic and cell body membranes away from the synapse

Back 40

Postsynaptic neurons

Front 41

Axons may establish synaptic contacts with any portion of the surface of another neuron, except those regions that are ___________

Back 41

myelinated

Front 42

Electrical synapses are also located

Back 42

cardiac muscle

Front 43

At these junctions, the presynaptic membrane releases a signaling molecule called a neurotransmitter

Back 43

Chemical Synapses

Front 44

Are released only from the plasma membrane of the presynaptic cell.
It then binds to receptor proteins found only on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell.

Back 44

Neurotransmitters

Front 45

Billions of interneurons within the CNS are grouped in complex patterns called

Back 45

neuronal pools (or neuronal circuits or pathways).

Front 46

Neuronal pools are defined based upon function, not anatomy, into four types of circuits:

Back 46

converging - sensory
diverging - fight or flight
reverberating
parallel-after-discharge

Front 47

glial cell that forms blood brain barrier in the CNS

Back 47

astrocyte

Front 48

house keeping glial cell that removes debris in the CNS

Back 48

microglial cell

Front 49

Wraps around the axon to form myelin sheath in the CNS

Back 49

oligodendrocyte

Front 50

forms the epithelial layer in the CNS

Back 50

ependymal cells

Front 51

surround the cell body in the PNS

Back 51

satellite cell

Front 52

forms myelin in the PNS

Back 52

neurolemmocyte

Front 53

functions of glial cells

Back 53

forming a structural netowrk
replacing damaged neurons
assisting neuronal development