Chapter 14 - Nervous System - Conditions & Symptoms.

Front 1

Akathesia

Back 1

Inability to remain still; motor restlessness & anxiety.

Front 2

Akinesia

Back 2

Loss or lack of the power of voluntary motion

Front 3

Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Back 3

Severe form of senile dementia; possibly due to defect in the neurotransmitter system. Cortical destruction causes variable degrees of confusion, memory loss, and other cognitive defects.

Front 4

Amnesia

Back 4

Condition in which there is a loss or lack of memory

Front 5

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)=Lou Gehrig's disease.

Back 5

Muscular weakness, atrophy, with spasticity caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord, medulla, and cortex.

Front 6

Anencephaly

Back 6

Congenital condition in which there is a lack of development of the brain

Front 7

Aphagia 3

Back 7

Loss or lack of the ability to eat or swallow

Hint 7

-phagia = to eat, swallow.

Front 8

Aphasia

Back 8

Loss or lack of the ability to speak due to neurological impairment; a person may also have difficulty understanding others and/or with verbal expression

Front 9

Apraxia 3

Back 9

Loss or lack of the ability to use objects properly; inability to perform motor tasks or activities of daily living, such as dressing and bathing

Hint 9

-praxia=action.

Front 10

Asthenia

Back 10

Loss or lack of strength

Front 11

Astrocytoma

Back 11

Primary tumor of the brain composed of astrocytes (star-shaped neuroglial cells) and characterized by slow growth, cyst formation, metastasis, and malignant glioblastoma within the tumor mass; also called astrocytic glioma

Front 12

Ataxia

Back 12

Loss or lack of muscular coordination

Front 13

Bradykinesia

Back 13

Abnormal slowness of motion.

Front 14

Cephalalgia

Back 14

Head pain; headache

Front 15

Cerebellar

Back 15

Pertaining to the cerebellum

Front 16

Cerebral Palsy (CP) 3

Back 16

Disorder of movement and posture secondary to lesions or anomalies of the brain, arising in early stages of its development. Most common chronic disorder of childhood involving four motor dysfunctions; spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic (lack of muscular coordination); and mixed.

Front 17

Chorea

Back 17

Condition of rapid, jerky involuntary muscular movements of the limbs or face.

Front 18

Coma

Back 18

Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused.

Front 19

Dementia.

Back 19

Refers to group of symptoms marked by memory loss and other cognitive functions e.g. perception, thinking, reasoning, and remembering. Alzheimer's is most common form of dementia.

Front 20

Dyslexia

Back 20

Condition in which an individual has difficulty using and comprehending written language

Front 21

Dysphasia

Back 21

Impairment of speech caused by a brain lesion

Front 22

Encephalitis

Back 22

Inflammation of the brain

Front 23

Encephalopathy

Back 23

Any dysfunction of the brain

Front 24

Epilepsy. 3

Back 24

Disorder of cerebral function resulting from abnormal electrical activity or malfunctioning of the chemical substances of the brain.

Front 25

Glioma

Back 25

Tumor composed of neuroglial tissue

Front 26

Hemiparesis

Back 26

Slight paralysis that affects one side of the body

Front 27

Hemiplegia

Back 27

Paralysis of one half of the body when it is divided along the median sagittal plane

Front 28

Herniated disk syndrome

Back 28

Condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk (the nucleus pulposus) is forced through a weakened part of the disk; also called herniated intervertebral disk, ruptured disk, herniated nucleus pulposus, and slipped disk

Front 29

Herpes Zoster=Shingles.

Back 29

Acute viral disease characterized by painful vesicular eruptions along the segment of the spinal or cranial nerves.

Front 30

Hydrocephalus

Back 30

Pertaining to an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

Front 31

Hyperesthesia

Back 31

Excessive feelings of sensory stimuli, such as pain, touch, or sound

Front 32

Hyperkinesis

Back 32

Excessive muscular movement and motion; inability to be still; also known as hyperactivity

Front 33

Meningioma

Back 33

Tumor of the meninges that originates in the arachnoidal tissue

Front 34

Meningitis

Back 34

Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

Front 35

Meningocele

Back 35

Congenital hernia (saclike protrusion) in which the meninges protrude through a defect in the skull or spinal column

Front 36

Meningomyelocele

Back 36

Congenital herniation of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column

Front 37

Microcephalus

Back 37

Abnormally small head; congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body

Front 38

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Back 38

Chronic disease of the CNS marked by damage to myelin sheath. Plaques occur in brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, paresthesia, and disturbances in vision and speech.

Front 39

Myelitis

Back 39

Inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 40

Neuralgia

Back 40

Pain in a nerve or nerves

Front 41

Neurasthenia

Back 41

Abnormal condition characterized by nervous weakness, exhaustion, and prostration that often follows depression

Front 42

Neuritis

Back 42

Inflammation of a nerve

Front 43

Neuroblastoma

Back 43

Malignant tumor composed of cells resembling neuroblast; occurs mostly in infants and children

Front 44

Neuroffibroma

Back 44

Fibrous connective tissue tumor especially involving the Schwann cells of a nerve.

Front 45

Neuroma

Back 45

Tumor of nerve cells and nerve fibers

Front 46

Neuropathy

Back 46

Any nerve disease

Front 47

Oligodendroglioma

Back 47

Malignant tumor derived and composed of oligodendroglia (a type of cell that makes up one component of the tissue of the CNS)

Front 48

Palsy-paralysis (Bell's palsy).

Back 48

Loss of sensation or impairment of motor function. Many types of palsy. Bell's palsy - a unilateral paralysis of the facial (VII) nerve. Facial expression is distorted and unable to close an eye or control salivation on affected side.

Front 49

Papilledema

Back 49

Swelling of the optical disk, usually caused by increased intracranial pressure; also called choked disk

Front 50

Paraplegia

Back 50

Paralysis of both legs and, in some cases, the lower portion of the body

Front 51

Paresis.

Back 51

Slight, partial, or incomplete paralysis.

Front 52

Paresthesia

Back 52

Abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness, prickling, or tingling

Front 53

Parkinson's disease=paralysis agitans=Shaking palsy.

Back 53

Chronic disease of nervous system. Characteristics=loss of equilibrium & loss of salivation, frustration, nausea, dryness of mouth, and muscular tremors.

Front 54

Paroxysm (spasm/seizure).

Back 54

Sudden recurrence of the symptoms of a disease, an exacerbation; also means a spasm or seizure.

Front 55

Pheochromocytoma

Back 55

Chromaffin cell tumor of the adrenal medulla or of the sympathetic nervous system

Front 56

Poliomyelitis

Back 56

Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

Front 57

Polyneuritis

Back 57

Inflammation of many nerves

Front 58

Quadriplegia

Back 58

Paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk due to injury to the spinal cord in the cervical spine; also called tetraplegia

Front 59

Reye's syndrome

Back 59

Acute disease causes brain edema & increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration of liver and other vital organs; occurs in children and has a relation to aspirin administration; can be viral in origin.

Front 60

Sciatica.

Back 60

Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve.

Front 61

Somnambulism

Back 61

Condition of sleepwalking

Front 62

Spondylosyndesis

Back 62

Surgical procedure to bind vertebra after removal of a herniated disk; also called spinal fusion

Front 63

CVA=CerebroVascular Accident =Stroke=Brain attack.

Back 63

Death of brain tissue that occurs when brain does not get enough blood and oxygen. More in men than women. Common cause is atherosclerosis.

Front 64

Syncope=fainting.

Back 64

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the brain.

Front 65

Tay-Sachs disease.

Back 65

Inherited, progressive disease marked by degeneration of brain tissue; predominantly affects Jewish children of Ashkenazi origin.