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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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History of child abuse |
Children considered property of parents Formation of child's aid in Toronto in 1891 |
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1989 rights for child |
Rights to protection Rights to provision Rights to participation |
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Physical abuse |
The intentional use of physical force against a child resulting in injury or causing bodily harm |
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Corporal punishment |
Pain used as punishment for kids, corporeal punishment is not helpful. Hard to distinguish corporal punishment from physical, no evidence corporal works |
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Sexual abuse |
Any form of sexual conduct directed at child with or without physical punishment Also emotionally abusive and often accompanied by other forms of mistreatment |
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Emotional abuse |
Any situation in which a child is seriously or repeatedly subjected to behavior that could harm the child. Verbal attacks or demanding actions have effect on the child's self esteem and sense of self worth |
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Neglect |
Failure to give appropriate attention or care to a child, resulting in serious emotional or physical harm. Important to distinguish between short term and chronic neglect |
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How many parents neglect |
2013: 34% 41 per 1000 |
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Child abuse unknown |
Public and professional awareness Legislation and definitions affect rates Emotional abuse is more difficult to prove than physical abuse, thus few cases reported |
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Types of maltreatment |
More domestic violence exposure, witnessing violence between parents is abuse. Emotional abuse More abuse reports now since 1970s Police and schools make largest reports |
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Low reports on abuse |
Hidden Children too afraid or too young to disclose Professionals who see abuse may not understand their responsibility to report Parents say what happens at home stays at home |
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Children at risk of being abused |
Unwanted children Children living with lone parent Children born prematurely Children with physical or mental challenges or those in poor health Stepchildren |
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Girls at risk |
More likely than boys to be victims More risk for sexual abuse Greater risks as they age They usually know and trust their sexual abuser as a male |
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Who abuses |
If caregiver was a victim of violence, they are highly likely to abuse 46% of primary caregivers abuse who have been victims |
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Sibling abuse |
Power differential between siblings How frequent its happening, if it is kept in secret Sibling rivalry or normal sex play and are the parents stepping in, no Parental monitoring with sex play can be seen as neglect |
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Children as abusers |
Occurs when teen or young adult tries to have control and power over their parents Parents only admit this in extreme cases 7-13% children abuse parents |
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Official responses to child abuse |
If abuse is severe abuser is prosecuted, if less severe child's aid society or provincial child welfare department may remove child permanently or temporarily from home. May provide counseling and treatment |
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Abuse of elderly |
Older men more likely to report being victims as are separated or divorced elders Women more likely than men to be victims of family violence |
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Perpetrators |
Use violence as means of feeling in control Feel no remorse or Shame Impulsive abusers have high levels of chronic anger,fearful attachment style and low behavioral control Few are neurologically or psychologically Ill |
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Intimate partner violence |
Violence committed by legally married, separated, divorced or common law. Physical assault, psychological abuse, restriction of movement, economic deprivation, sexual abuse and homicide |
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Violence between partners |
Prior to 1960, victim had to show greater injury than a stranger would give them. Before 1983: rape by husband was not considered a crime |
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Family systems theory |
What you experience in your family will follow generations because they have a perception of how being with a partner should be |
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Situational theory |
You experience stress and you act out. You have no perceived control in your life and you react to violence to gain sense of control |
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How many partners are assaulted |
2011: both men and women at greater risk of violence by dating partners than spouses. - among women dating violence 60% higher than spousal - girls who experience severe violence have low self esteem and more psychological disturbance |
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Women at special risk |
1) those who live in rural or isolated areas 2) immigrant women who may face language and cultural difficulties 3) those with physical challenges |
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Abuse in gay and lesbian |
Levels appear similar to heterosexual, and somewhat higher Barriers to services due to stereotypes |
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Video. 3 reasons why women stay |
1) commitment to caretaker role 2) fear of the consequences of leaving 3) sense of feeling powerless and guilt |
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Stages of leaving abuse |
1) victims recognize abuse as a problem and weigh pros and cons 2) develop a plan and actively make changes to stop. Counseling or shelter 3) take steps to leave |
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Police intervention |
60% report decrease after police intervention |
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Battered woman syndrome |
Pattern of signs and symptoms appearing in women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended period Legal defense used by a woman accused of killing her abusive partner |
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Second stage housing |
Longer term housing for abused women Need for immediate safe housing met by transition houses |
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Primary prevention |
Aims to keep abuse from occurring at all, primarily through education. The best method |
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Secondary prevention |
Prevention programs involve working with groups considered to be at risk for abuse |
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Tertiary prevention |
Treatment or some other intervention to keep abuse from recurring and to minimize effects Most common method |
