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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lethal dose:
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the amount of a drug that causes death.
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Toxic dose:
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the amount of a drug that impairs health.
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- Drug:
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any chemical substance that produces a physiological effect other than as food. -
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Psychoactive drug:
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any drug that alters consciousness, mood, or perception.
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Dose:
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the amount of a drug taken on one occasion. Therapeutic dose: the amount of a drug which has a healthful effect.
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Margin of safety:
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ratio (or other comparison) between toxicdose and therapeutic dose.
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ROUTES OF ENTRY INTO THE BODY
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inhalation (via lungs and respiratory passages) mouth(orally)by insertion into another body cavity (as a suppository)
injection (intravenous or other types) topically(applied to a surface) to a fetus through the placenta to a nursing infant through the mother's milk |
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Most drugs are distributedthroughout the body by the __________ system, regardless of their route ofentry
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circulatory
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The majority of drugs are excreted in the ______ by the _______.
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urine ; kidneys
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_________ is the time for a drug to reachone-half its original concentration in the body.
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Half-life
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An agonist is |
a substance that elicits a response or stimulates a receptor; an antagonist inhibits a response, often by inhibiting receptors.
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Effectsother than the intended effect are called ______ ______ .
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side effects
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Anandomide |
stimulates the receptors the same as marauana and chocolate |
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The effects of two or more drugs may be: (name three)
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- additive(same as the sum of their independent effects)
- synergistic(greater than the sum of their independent effects) - antagonistic(less than the effect of either drug alone) |
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A threshold is
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the minimum dose of a drug for which some effect is detectable.
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Dependence
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the person can no longer function normally (physiologically or psychologically) without the drug.
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Withdrawal symptoms
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unpleasant physiological and behavioral changes that occur when thedrug is withdrawn
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Tolerance
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meaning that an increased dose is needed to produce the same physiological effect that was formerly produced by a smaller dose.
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Conditioned withdrawal syndrome
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: context cues (such as people or places) canbring about physiological withdrawal symptoms, even unconsciously, since theyhave become associated with the drug via classical conditioning.
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DRUG TOLERANCE
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means that, after repeated use, the former physiological effect canonly be achieved by increasing the dose.
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