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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Primary structure of DNA
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1. backbone made of sugar and phosphate groups of deoxyribonucleotides.
2. a series of nitrogen containing bases that project from the backbone |
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Antiparallel Fashion
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DNA strands line up in the opposite direction to eachtother, which forms a double helix
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semiconservative replication
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***the parental DNA strands separate and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. daughter molecules consist of one new and one old strand
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Conservative Replication
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the parental molecule serves as the template for the synthesis of an entirely new molecule
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Dispersive Replication
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the parental molecule is cut into pieces such that the daughter molecules contain old DNA interspersed with newly synthesized DNA
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DNA polymerase
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the enzyme that catalyzes DNA synthesis
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replication fork
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y shaped site at which the DNA is separated into two single strands for replication,
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Helicase
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catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands to separate them.
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Single Strand DNA binding proteins (SSBP)
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attach to the separated strands to prevent them from closing
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Topoisomerase
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enzyme that cuts and rejoins the DNA downstream of the replication fork, relieving its tension because the DNA helix creates tension farther down the helix as it is unwinding.
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leading strand
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leads the replication fork and and is synthesized continuously.
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Lagging strand
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synthesized discontinuously in the direction away from the replication fork and so it lags behind the fork
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Okazaki Fragments
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lagging strand is synthesized as short continuous fragments, they are later linked together to make a whole
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DNA ligase
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joins the Okazaki fragments together to make the strand a whole
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telomeres
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regions at the end of the linear chromosomes. they shorten the lagging strand during replication, so telomerase adds more repeating bases to the end of the lagging strand, catalyzing the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template that it carries with it
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replisome
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many enzymes that are responsible for DNA synthesis around the replication fork and are brought together into one large multi enzyme machine
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