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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Primary structure of DNA
1. backbone made of sugar and phosphate groups of deoxyribonucleotides.
2. a series of nitrogen containing bases that project from the backbone
Antiparallel Fashion
DNA strands line up in the opposite direction to eachtother, which forms a double helix
semiconservative replication
***the parental DNA strands separate and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. daughter molecules consist of one new and one old strand
Conservative Replication
the parental molecule serves as the template for the synthesis of an entirely new molecule
Dispersive Replication
the parental molecule is cut into pieces such that the daughter molecules contain old DNA interspersed with newly synthesized DNA
DNA polymerase
the enzyme that catalyzes DNA synthesis
replication fork
y shaped site at which the DNA is separated into two single strands for replication,
Helicase
catalyzes the breaking of hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands to separate them.
Single Strand DNA binding proteins (SSBP)
attach to the separated strands to prevent them from closing
Topoisomerase
enzyme that cuts and rejoins the DNA downstream of the replication fork, relieving its tension because the DNA helix creates tension farther down the helix as it is unwinding.
leading strand
leads the replication fork and and is synthesized continuously.
Lagging strand
synthesized discontinuously in the direction away from the replication fork and so it lags behind the fork
Okazaki Fragments
lagging strand is synthesized as short continuous fragments, they are later linked together to make a whole
DNA ligase
joins the Okazaki fragments together to make the strand a whole
telomeres
regions at the end of the linear chromosomes. they shorten the lagging strand during replication, so telomerase adds more repeating bases to the end of the lagging strand, catalyzing the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template that it carries with it
replisome
many enzymes that are responsible for DNA synthesis around the replication fork and are brought together into one large multi enzyme machine