Chapter 14

Front 1

The enzyme that catalyzed the joining of DNA fragments together is called _________.

Back 1

DNA ligase

Front 2

The enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA complementary to a template strand is _______________.

Back 2

DNA polymerase

Front 3

A _________ is a permanent variation in the nucleotide sequence of a genome.

Back 3

mutation

Front 4

An enzyme that contains a catalytic part and an inbuilt RNA template; it functions to maintain telomeres at chromosomes ends.

Back 4

Telomerase

Front 5

__________ are the DNA at the end of linear chromosomes.

Back 5

Telomeres

Front 6

______ are a sequence present in protein-coding mRNA after the completion of pre-mRNA splicing.

Back 6

Exons

Front 7

_________ are the non-protein-coding intervening sequences that are spliced from mRNA during processing

Back 7

Introns

Front 8

A form of RNA that carries the nucleotide sequence code for a protein sequence that is translated into polypeptide sequence.

Back 8

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Front 9

____________ is the enzyme that synthesizes an RNA strand from a DNA template strand.

Back 9

RNA polymerase

Front 10

The three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the addition of a specific amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation are called _______.

Back 10

codons

Front 11

Molecules of RNA that combine to form part of the ribosome

Back 11

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Front 12

A _________ is one of the three mRNA codons that specifies termination of translation.

Back 12

stop codon

Front 13

A __________ is the AUG (or, rarely GUG) on an mRNA from which translation begins; always specifies methionine.

Back 13

start codon

Front 14

An RNA molecule that contains a specific three-nucleotide anticodon sequence to pair with the mRNA codon and also binds to a specific amino acid is known as ____________.

Back 14

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Front 15

The processes that control whether a gene is expressed is known as _______________.

Back 15

gene expression

Front 16

In 1962, ____________, ____________, and ____________ were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work in determining the structure of DNA.

Back 16

James Watson

Francis Crick

Maurice Wilkins

Front 17

Watson and Crick proposed that _________ takes place between a put one and pyrimidine: namely, ___________, ___________. In other words, adenine and rhyming are complementary base pairs, and cytosine and guanine are also complementary base pairs.

Back 17

base pairing;

A pairs with T,

and G pairs with C

Front 18

The flow of genetic information in cells from _____________ is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the __________ of mRNs, which in turn specify the sequences of _________.

Back 18

DNA to mRNA to protein;

sequences;

proteins

Front 19

The three letters "DNA" have now become synonymous with ___________, __________________, ________________, ______________.

Back 19

crime solving;

paternity testing;

human identification;

and genetic testing

Front 20

DNA can be retrieved from hair, blood, or _______. Each person's ____ is _______, and its possible to detect __________ between individuals within a species on the basis of these unique features.

Back 20

saliva;

DNA;

unique;

differences

Front 21

DNA replicates in a semi-conservative manner. Therefore, the ________ and _________ modes were ruled out.

Back 21

dispersive;

conservative

Front 22

During DNA replication, each of the two strands that make up the double helix serves as a ________ from which new strands are ________. The new strand will be _____________ to the parental or "old" strand.

Back 22

template;

copied;

complementary