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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many genes are there in a human |
20 to 25 |
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What are purines |
A & G |
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What are Pyrimidines |
C,U & T |
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How was bacterial DNA transformation first proven |
Mice were injected with non lathe R strain and a lathe but dead S strain. The R took on traits of the the host then killed the mouse. |
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Which bases pair up |
(A&T) (G&C) (A&U) |
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Who discovered shape like double helix |
Watson and crick |
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What bond connects complementary bases |
Phosphodiester bonds |
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What does it mean that strands are antiparallel in nature |
The 5 end bonds with the 3 end |
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What makes one end 5 she the other 3 |
5 has a phosphate and 3 has a sugar OH |
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5' AACGTGAC 3' |
3' TTGCACTG 5' (A to T) (G to C) |
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Where is DNA located in Eukaryotes? In prokaryotes? |
Nucleoid |
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What strain of parental DNA does the leading strand replicate from? What direction will it replicate in? |
The leading strand is at the 3' end of the parent DNA. One base after another start making the 5' end so they match and work see you can go from 3' to 5' |
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Which parental strand of DNA does the lagging strand replicate from? What direction the liver up Kayden? |
Start replicating at the 5' end of the parent DNA. Small sections replicate from 5' to 3' on the new strand |
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What are the piece of the lagging strand is called? |
Okazaki fragment |
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What enzyme binds them together |
Ligase |
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Where are telomeres and what sequence are they made of? |
At the ever end of the strand (TTAGGG) |
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What enzyme creates telomeres? |
Telomerase |
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What is the function of telomeres? |
To protect the U- chromatin |
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What cells typically have telomeres? What does the lack of the enzymes cause? |
-stem & sex cells -causes ageing |
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How does proofreading correct errors in replication? |
When do you name polymers happens when making DNA it checks to make sure they match up and if it doesn't if he fixes it right then |
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How is Miss Metra pair different? |
Still checks but it changes it after the DNA has already been made after its made. |
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What does DNA wraparound to create a nucleosome? |
Histone |
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What does nucleotide excision repair? What is caused is these mistakes aren't correct? |
-Thymine dimers (and incorrect bond between T's that Are beside each other) -mistakes- xeroderma pigmentosa |
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What is the difference between induced and spontaneous mutations? |
-induced- caused by exposure to something -spontaneous- happens for no reason just random |
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What causes |
-silent- have no effect whatsoever -Missense- results in amino acids substitution -Nonsense- substitutes A stop codon for an amino acid |
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How are transverse substitutions different from translation substitutions? |
-transverse substitution – is when a purine is replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa -transition substitution – one purine is replaced by a purine (A.G) |
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What causes frame shift mutation |
Insertions Deletions Translocations |
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What creates the bead on a string model? |
Small sections of DNA called linked DNA |
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Where is heterochromatin located and how is it unique? |
At the end of the sister chromosomes (protects DNA from getting messed up) |
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What is Euchromatin and where is it located? |
Between the ends of the chromosomes |
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Define: conservation, semi-conservation & dispersive |
-conservation - when the DNA replicates and all the old DNA stays together and all the new DNA stays together -semi-conservation-when new DNA was made and a old strain and a new strand stay together -dispersive- each strand will be both old and new mixed in together |
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What enzyme unwinds DNA so it can replicate? |
Topoisomerase |
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What does helicase do? |
Breaks the bond between two strands |
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What is the purpose of a single stranded binding protein and where are they located? |
Y shaped replication fork and they keep the DNA from morning back up |
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What enzyme adds bases? |
DNA polymerase |
