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16 Cards in this Set
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Industrial Revolution |
Shift toward mass production and mechanization that included the creation of modern factory system |
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limited liability |
Legal principle that facilitates capital investment by offering protection for individual investment, who, in cases of legal claims or bankruptcy, cannot be held responsible for more than the value of their individual shares |
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Transportation Revolution |
Term referring to a series of the 19th century transportation innovations - turnpikes, steamboats, canals, and railroads - that linked local and regional markets, creating a national economy |
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Cult of domesticity |
Pervasive 19th century cultural creed that venerated the domestic role of women. It gave women greater authority to shape home life but limited opportunities outside the domestic sphere. |
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Ecological imperialism |
Historians' term for the spoliation of western natural resources through excessive hunting, logging, mining, and grazing |
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Market revolution |
18th and 19th century transformation from a disaggregated, subsistence economy to a nation commercial and industrial network |
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Cotton gin |
(1793) Eli Whitney's invention that sped up the process of harvesting cotton. The gun made cotton cultivation more profitable, revitalizing the southern economy and increasing the importance of slavery in the South. |
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Clipper ships (1840s-1850s) |
Small, swift vessels that gave American shippers an advantage in the carrying trade. Clipper ships were made largely obsolete by the advent of sturdier, roomier iron steamers on the eve of the Civil War. |
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Ancient Order of Hiberians |
(mid-19th century) Irish semisecret society that served as a benevolent organization for downtrodden Irish immigrants in the United States. |
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"Molly Maguires" |
(1860s-1870s) secret organization of Irish miners who campaigned, at times violently, against poor working conditions in the Pennsylvania mines. |
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Pony Express |
(1860-1861) short-lived, speedy mail service between Missouri and California that relied on lightweight riders galloping between closely places outposts. |
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Commonwealth v. Hunt |
(1842) Massachusetts Supreme Court decision that strengthened the labor movement by upholding the legality of unions. |
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Tammany Hall |
(Established 1789) powerful New York political machine that primarily drew support from the city's immigrants, who depended on Tammany Hall patronage, particularly social services. |
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Know-Nothing party |
(1850s) nativist political party, also known as the American party that emerged km response to an influx of immigrants, particularly Catholics. |
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"Kentucky bluegrass" |
Ideal pasture for livestock; lured thousands more American homesteaders into Kentucky |
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"Self-Reliance" |
Written by Ralph Waldo Emerson; popular lecture-essay |
