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27 Cards in this Set

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Free Soil Party
was a short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections, and in some state elections. It was a third party that largely appealed to and drew its greatest strength from New York State.
Fugitive Slave Law
The fugitive slave laws were laws passed by the United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another state or territory.
Harriet Tubman
-was an African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War
-she made thirteen missions to rescue more than 70 slaves using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.
Ostend Manifesto
was a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and implied the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused.
Kansas Nebraska Act
of 1854 (10 Stat. 277) created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries
William Lloyd Garrison
-was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer.
-best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States. Garrison was also a prominent voice for the women's suffrage movement.
Wilmot Proviso
was a bold attempt by opponents of slavery to prevent its introduction in the territories purchased from Mexico following the Mexican War.
Frederick Douglas
was an American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement, gaining renown for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writing
Popular Sovereignty
the belief that the legitimacy of the state is created by the will or consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.
Underground Railroad
a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada, was not run by any single organization or person.
Compromise of 1850
was an intricate package of five bills, passed in September 1850, defusing a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the South and the free states of the North that arose following the Mexican-American War
Dred Scott Decision
was a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves (or their descendants, whether or not they were slaves) were not protected by the Constitution and could never be U.S. citizens.
Panic of 1857
was a financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and overexpansion of the domestic economy. Beginning in September of 1857, the financial downturn did not last long, however a proper recovery was not seen until the American Civil War.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufman.
Bleeding Kansas
was a series of violent events, involving anti-slavery Free-Staters and pro-slavery "Border Ruffian" elements, that took place in the Kansas Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri roughly between 1854 and 1858.
Crittenden Compromise
was an unsuccessful proposal by Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden to resolve the U.S. secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the concerns that led the states in the Deep South of the United States to contemplate secession from the United States.
Fort Sumter
a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter
Jefferson Davis
was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War; serving as the President for its entire history. A West Point graduate, Davis fought in the Mexican-American War as a colonel of a volunteer regiment, and was the United States Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce.
Anaconda Plan
is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two.
Robert E. Lee
-was a career United States Army officer and combat engineer. He became the commanding general of the Confederate army in the American Civil War and a postwar icon of the South's "lost cause".
-best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the
Ulysses S. Grant
was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under Grant's command, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America.
Iron Clads
-was a steam-propelled warship in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, protected by iron or steel armor plates
-was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shells.
Battle of Antietam
fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties.
Emancipation Proclamation
an executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced
Pacific Railway Act 1862
It was based largely on a proposed bill originally reported by the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad and Telegraph on August 16, 1856, six years earlier, to the 34th Congress.
Morril Tariff Act 1861
-was an American protective tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861 during the Buchanan Administration and signed into law by President James Buchanan, a Democrat
-raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high wages of industrial workers
Homestead Act 1862
one of two United States federal laws that gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. The law required three steps: file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title.