Chapter 13B

Front 1

what do the Bacteriophagesform?

Back 1

Plaques, which are clearings on a lawn ofbacteria on the surface of the agar

Front 2

how does Eachplaque corresponds to virus?

Back 2

to single virus

Front 3

plaque canbe expressed as

Back 3

•plaque-formingunits (PFU)

Front 4

Viralgrowth is signaled by

Back 4

•changes or death of the embryo

Front 5

GrowingAnimal Viruses in the Laboratory. we use?

Back 5

•livinganimals

•embryonatedeggs

They inject the virus into the egg

•Viral growth is signaled by changesor death of the embryo

Front 6

what is •cytopathiceffect (CPE)

Back 6

Virallyinfected cells are detected via their deterioration. this is the same idea is plaque

Front 7

why cell cultures are preferred over embryonated eggs?

Back 7

it is a preferred type of growth medium for many viruses because it is easier than whole animal embryonated eggs.

Front 8

GrowingAnimal Viruses in the Laboratory. we use

Back 8

•Tissues are treated with enzymes toseparate cells, cells then are suspended in culture medium, normal cells or primary cells grow in monolayer across the glass but transformed cells do not grow in a monolayer

Front 9

what is •Continuouscell lines?

Back 9

They are the ones that are used when growing viruses in the laboratory.

Front 10

Transformed cells or Cancerous Cells

Back 10

Continuous cells that can be maintain for many generations or for ever. That is why they are called immortal cell lines.

Front 11

describe the lytic cycle of T-even bacteriophage

Back 11

•Phage causes lysis and death of thehost cell

Front 12

describe the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage lambda

Back 12

•Phage DNA is incorporated in thehost DNA•Phage conversion•Specialized transduction

Front 13

compare and contrast the multiplication cycle of DNA and RNA-containing animal viruses

Back 13

DNA multiplication happens in the Nucleus of the host cell while RNA happens in the cytoplasm of the host cell.

Front 14

Lysogeny

Back 14

•phageremains latent•PhageDNA incorporates into host cell DNA•Inserted phage DNA is known as a prophage

Front 15

•Specialized transduction

Back 15

•Specific bacterial genestransferred to another bacterium via a phage•Changes genetic properties of thebacteria

Front 16

TheBiosynthesis of DNA Viruses is in

Back 16

•DNAviruses replicate their DNA in the nucleus of the host using viral enzymes

•Synthesizecapsid in the cytoplasm using host cell enzymes

Front 17

TheBiosynthesis of RNA Viruses is in

Back 17

•Virusmultiplies in the host cell's cytoplasm using RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

•ssRNA; +(sense) strand

•Viral RNA serves as mRNA forprotein synthesis•ssRNA; –(antisense) strand

•Viral RNA is transcribed to a +strand to serve as mRNA for protein synthesis

•dsRNA—double-stranded RNA

does not use a host enzyme

Front 18

reversetranscriptase

Back 18

•Single-strandedRNA, produce DNA

•Use reverse transcriptase to produce DNA from the viralgenome

Front 19

•provirus

Back 19

the genetic material of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a host cell.

Front 20

•provirus

Back 20

•Viral DNA integrates into the hostchromosome as a provirus

Front 21

Sarcoma

Back 21

cancer of connective tissue

Front 22

Oncogenicviruses

Back 22

becomeintegrated into the host cell's DNA and induce tumors

Front 23

Atransformed cell harbors a tumor-specifictransplant antigen

Back 23

•(TSTA)on the surface and aTantigen inthe nucleus