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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

cloning vector

a carrier used to clone a gene and transfer it from one organism
to another
DNA fingerprint

a pattern of bands made up of specific fragments from an
individuals DNA

DNA technology

technology involved in genetic engineering

donor gene
a specific gene that is isolated from another organism and spliced
into a plasmid
gel electrophoresis
technique used to separate nucleic acids or proteins by size
and charge
gene clone
an exact copy of a gene
gene therapy
treatment of a genetic disorder by introducing a healthy gene into
a cell
genetic engineering
a form of applied genetics in which scientists directly
manipulate genes
genomic library

a set of thousands of DNA pieces cut by a specific restriction
enzyme

herbicide
weed-controlling chemicals
Human Genome Project
worldwide scientific collaboration to determine the
nucleotide sequence of the entire human genome
insulin
a hormone that lowers the blood glucose level
nitrogen fixation

the process by which gaseous nitrogen in the air is
converted into ammonia

pathogen
an organism that causes disease
plasmid

a single ring of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
technique used to quickly make many
copies of selected segments of DNA
primer
an artificially made single-stranded sequence of DNA required for the
initiation of replication
probe
a radioactive segment of DNA used in DNA fingerprinting
recombinant DNA
a DNA segment from at least two different
organisms
restriction enzyme
a protein that recognizes specific sequences in a DNA
molecule and cuts it into pieces
RFLP analysis
restriction fragment length polymorphism; the method for
preparing a DNA fingerprint
sticky end
the single-stranded end of a double-stranded DNA fragment that
can form base pairs with another sticky end of a DNA fragment cut by the same
enzyme
transgenic organism
a host organism that has received recombinant
DNA
vaccine
a solution containing a harmless version of a virus, bacterium, or toxin
that causes an immune response when introduced to the body