Chapter 13 Vocab

Front 1

cystoscopy

Back 1

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

Front 2

kidney biopsy (Bx)

Back 2

removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination

Front 3

renal biopsy (Bx)

Back 3

removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination

Front 4

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Back 4

x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney & may reveal obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.

Front 5

intravenous urogram (IVU)

Back 5

x-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney & may reveal obstruction, evidence of trauma, etc.

Front 6

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

Back 6

abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Front 7

scout film

Back 7

plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (e.g., a KUB before an IVP)

Front 8

renal angiogram

Back 8

x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

Front 9

renal arteriogram

Back 9

x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

Front 10

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Back 10

x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.

Front 11

retrograde urogram

Back 11

x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.

Front 12

voiding cystourethrogram (VCU or VCUG)

Back 12

x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination (voiding = urinating)

Front 13

abdominal sonogram

Back 13

abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder

Front 14

urinalysis (UA)

Back 14

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

Front 15

specific gravity (SpGr)

Back 15

measure of the concentration or dilution of urine

Front 16

pH

Back 16

measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine

Front 17

glucose

Back 17

chemical test used to detect sugar in the urine; most often used to screen for diabetes (glucose = sugar)

Front 18

albumin (alb)

Back 18

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine

Front 19

protein

Back 19

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine

Front 20

ketones

Back 20

chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state

Front 21

urine occult blood

Back 21

chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult = hidden)

Front 22

bilirubin

Back 22

chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease

Front 23

urobilinogen

Back 23

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease

Front 24

nitrite

Back 24

chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine

Front 25

microscopic findings

Back 25

microscopic identification of abnormal constituents in the urine (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, and casts); reported per high- or low-power field (hpf or lpf, respectively)

Front 26

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Back 26

isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive

Front 27

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Back 27

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea

Front 28

creatinine, serum

Back 28

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function

Front 29

creatinine, urine

Back 29

test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine

Front 30

creatinine clearance testing

Back 30

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys

Front 31

urologic endoscopic surgery

Back 31

use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.

Front 32

resectoscope

Back 32

urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

Front 33

intracorporeal lithotripsy

Back 33

method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones

Front 34

nephrotomy

Back 34

incision into the kidney

Front 35

nephrorrhaphy

Back 35

suture of an injured kidney

Front 36

nephrolithotomy

Back 36

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

Front 37

nephrectomy

Back 37

excision of a kidney

Front 38

pyeloplasty

Back 38

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis

Front 39

stent placement

Back 39

use of a device (stent) to hold open vessels or tubes (e.g., an obstructed ureter)

Front 40

kidney transplantation

Back 40

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient)

Front 41

renal transplantation

Back 41

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient)

Front 42

urinary diversion

Back 42

creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer)

Front 43

noncontinent ileal conduit

Back 43

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually

Front 44

continent urostomy

Back 44

an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine

Front 45

orthotopic bladder

Back 45

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding

Front 46

neobladder

Back 46

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding

Front 47

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Back 47

procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

Front 48

kidney dialysis

Back 48

methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure

Front 49

hemodialysis

Back 49

method of removing impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)

Front 50

peritoneal dialysis

Back 50

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles

Front 51

urinary catheterization

Back 51

methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine

Front 52

straight catheter

Back 52

a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure

Front 53

Foley catheter

Back 53

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period

Front 54

suprapubic catheter

Back 54

indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization

Front 55

analgesic

Back 55

drug that relieves pain

Front 56

antibiotic

Back 56

drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Front 57

antispasmodic

Back 57

drug that relieves spasm

Front 58

diuretic

Back 58

drug that increases the secretion of urine