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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is behavioral trap? What is an example? |
A situation compelling us into self-defeating behavior. If a fire goes off, most people would panic and run even though we were taught to stay calm. |
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What was the Milgram Experiment, and how many people went all the way? |
"Teachers" shocked "learners" (actors) because a man in a white coat gently coaxed them to continue. 25/40 of the original subjects went all the way. |
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What is social perception? |
The process by which we gather and remember information about others and make inferences based on that information. |
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What are first impressions and how fast are they formed? |
Stereotypes and prejudices. First impressions are very important and are formed in less than a second. |
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What is the primacy effect? |
First information influences us more than later information. |
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What is a self-fulfilling prophecy and what is an example of this? (The study) |
Expectations that change one's own behavior in such a way as to increase the probability of the predicted event. A study where men were shown a rigged photo of an ugly or attractive woman then were told to call her. The person who thinks they are talking toan attractive person was way friendlier and the “ugly-callers” were kindadistant, so they had a self-fulfilling prophecy of not having a goodconversation |
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What is a stereotype? |
Generalized belief or expectation about a group of people |
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How are stereotypes formed and are they always bad? |
Stereotypes can be good or bad (Ex: Asians good at math, and smokers are gross) Stereotypes are formed from the fact that we tend to remember the unusual. |
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Are stereotypes correct? |
Sometimes, but they are usually gross exaggerations. |
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What is prejudice? |
Judging before you even know the person. Having predetermined opinion on someone before having met them. |
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Why is prejudice hard to measure? |
Many people are not aware of it or would not admit it |
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What are implicit measurements and when are they used? |
A test outside the subject's awareness (a test without a subject knowing what they are testing for) They are used to measure prejudices. |
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What is aversive Racism? |
Unconscious prejudice while expressing the idea that all people should be treated equally |
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Give an example of aversive racism (the study). |
All white college students were told to read multiple applications. They were rigged, 1 being strong, 2 being moderate, and 3 being weak. They were pretty equal, but when unsure (moderate) about a subject they tended to stick to white participants instead of the unknown race. |
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What is ambivalent sexism? |
Belief in equal treatment of sexes but joined with an often unstated belief that women should be treated differently. |
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What is attribution ? |
The thought process by which we assign causes to our own behavior and that of others |
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What is internal (dispositional) causes? |
Explanations based on someone's individual characteristic, such as attitudes, personality traits, or abilities. |
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What are external (situational) causes? |
Explanations based on the situation, including events that presumably would influence almost anyone. |
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What is the fundamental Attribution Error? |
Making internal attributions for people's behaviors even when we see external influences |
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What is the actor-observer effect? |
More likely to make internal attributions to other people's behavior and more likely to make external attributions for your own. (same behaviors) |
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What is the self-serving bias? |
Attributions we have to maximize our credit for our success and minimize our blames for our failures. |
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What is self-handicapping? |
Intentionally putting ourselves at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for a possible failure. |
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What is the food-in-the-door technique? |
A modest request then a larger reqest |
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What is the door-in-the-face technique? |
Outrageous initial request followed by a more reasonable one. |
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What is the bait-and-switch technique? |
First and extremely favorable deal, but once committed additional demands are made. |
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What is the that's-not-all technique? |
"But wait! There's more!" |
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What are the specific strategies of persuasion? |
Foot-in-the-door technique, door-in-the-face technique, bait-and-switch technique, and that's-not-all technique. |
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What is an autocratic leader, how do the workers live, and is it a good way to lead? |
A dictator; Hardest workers but hostile; Worst way to lead. |
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What is a democratic leader, how do the workers live, and is it a good way to lead? |
Take into account everyone's opinion; Highest level of motivation; the best leadership strategy |
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What is a lazyfare leader, how do the workers live, and is it a good way to lead? |
Leader who lets the workers have complete freedom; Lazy workers; Second worst way to lead. |