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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sugar in RNA is called _______ |
ribose |
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Sugar in DNA is called _________ |
deoxyribose |
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RNA has how many strands? |
RNA is single stranded |
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DNA has how many strands? |
DNA is double stranded |
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What base does RNA contain in place of thymine? |
Uracil |
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What are the three kinds of RNA? |
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA |
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What does rRNA do? |
helpsto bind amino acids to each other at ribosome
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what does mRNA do? |
containsinstructions (bases) to ribosome for coding amino acids
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what does tRNA do? |
carries/transfersamino acids to ribosome
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What is transcription? |
the process of using DNA to produce complimentary RNA molecules |
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where is RNA formed in Eukaryotas? |
in the cell's nucleus and then travels to the cytoplasm |
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what binds to DNA during transcription? |
the enzyme, RNA polymerase |
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what are the regions of DNA that RNA polymerase bind to called? |
promoters |
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the central dogma of biology is _______ -----> ________ ----> ________. |
DNA ----> RNA ---> proteins |
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what happens between DNA and RNA? |
transcription |
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what happens between RNA and proteins? |
translation |
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what are DNA's nitrogenous bases? |
A,T,G,C A=T G=C |
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what are RNA's nitrogenous bases? |
A, U, G, C A=U G=C |
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how are DNA and RNA similar? |
both nucleic acids, both have phosphate groups |
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where does transcription happen? |
in the nucleus at the promoter region |
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what does RNA polymerase do during transcription? |
unzip DNA and add on complimentary RNA bases |
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1st step of transcription |
RNApolymerase unzips DNA
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2nd step of transcription |
RNApolymerase adds on complementary RNA bases at the promoter region
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3rd step of transcription |
Pre mRNA is edited, introns are discarded, exons are spliced together
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4th step of transcription |
MessengerRNA is made
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during translation where does mRNA first go? |
mRNA leaves thenucleus, and goes to the ribosomes
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what is the end result of translation? |
is straightchain of amino acids= primary (1◦) protein structure |
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1st step of translation |
mRNA meets up with a ribosome
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2nd step of translation |
Ribosomestarts reading mRNA and begins to make protein at the start codon (AUG)
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3rd step of translation |
tRNAbrings amino acids to mRNA strand where the ribosome holds the amino acid andhelps to form peptide bonds
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4th step of translation |
Polypeptidestring stops once stop codon is reached |
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what is the mRNA codon? |
AUG |
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what are the words on the outside of the genetic code circle? |
amino acid names |
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what do you find from reading the genetic code circle from the inside out? |
The different mRNAcodons for amino acids
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