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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Manifest Destiny

Idea the America was destined by God and history to expand boundaries over a vast area

John L O'Sullivan

Creator of name manifest destiny and advocate

Penny Press

Inexpensive newspapers aimed at large mass audiences

Empire of Liberty

Included Canada, Mexico, and the Caribbean and Pacific islands

Stephen F. Austin

Immigrant from Missouri



Established first legal settlement in Texas (1822)

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Siezed Mexican power as dictator



Imposed new more conservative autocratic regime on Mexico and it's territories (1830s)

The alamo

Where the mexican government crushed Texas independence movement

Battle of San Jacinto

Led by Sam Houston



Defeated mexican army and took Santa Anna prisoner where he signed treaty to give Texas independence

Tejanos

Mexican residents who fought with Americans in the revolution (Mexico v. Texas)

The Texas Question

Should Texas be annexed into the union as slave state, be recognized as independent, or none of the above

Oregon Territory

NW United States

Oregon Trail

2,000 mile trail from Independence, Missouri to either Oregon or California

James K Polk

Won presidency by pressing both Oregon and Texas issues and appealed to both north and south

54-40 or flight

Reference to where Americans hoped to draw the American-Canadian boarder

Texas boundary dispute

Rio Grande River- Americans


Neuces River- Mexicans

John Slidell

Sent by Polk to try and buy Mexicans out of California

Bear Flag Revolution

Well armed exploring party joined Kearny join forces to gain control of California

General Winfield Scott

Great American soldier under Polk

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Americans payed Mexicans 15 million in return Mexico ceded California and new Mexico the the United States and accepted Rio Grande as Texas border

Wilmot Priviso

Bill making slavery illegal in all Mexican acquired territory



Passed in housed but failed in senate

Free soil party

Drew from liberty party, whigs, and democratic parties

Sutter's Mill

Where first gold of gold rush was found

49'ers

Threw cation to the wind during relocation of gold rush

Indian Hunters

Killed thousands of Indians before the gold rush

Compromise of 1850

Victory of bargaining and self interest unlike clays proposal

Fugitive slave act

Southerners could not come north to take back runaway slaves

Ostend Manifesto

Proposed taking Cuba by force


Made northerners mad because they thought that the government was conspiring to bring new slave state into the union

Transcontinental Railroad

Wanted to be constructed for better communications between old states and new territories



Disputed where to place the railroad

Gadsden Purchase

Paid $10 million for strip of land in the south (Arizona and New Mexico) that would permit southern railroad

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Nebraska and Kansas created



Missouri compromise repealed



Made so railroad didn't have to run through Indian territory

Republican Party

Made up of those in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

Symbolic of sectional controversy



Kansas slave and free state?

Brooks-Sumer Affair

Sumner gave speach that spike against Andrew P. Butler



Butlers nephew Brooks beat Sumner with a cane

Free Soil and Free Labor

Northern Vision



Not worried about what slavery did to blacks but worried about what it did to whites



All citizens own property, control labor, and have advancement opportunities

Slave Power Conspiracy

North thought south wanted to spread slavery throughout nation and ruin northern capitalism

Pro-Slavery Arguments

Southerners should stop defending slavery as evil but promote as good



1. Slaves had better labor conditions than industrial workers in North



2. Only way two races could live together in peace



3. Basis of southern way of life



Defense rested in arguments that blacks were biologically inferior to whites


Election of 1856

Democrats- James Buchanan


Republicans- John C. Fremont


Native American (Know-nothing) party beginning to fall apart but still elected- Millard Fillmore

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Taney ruled:



1. Alfican Americans could not bring cases to court because they were private property and not citizens



2. Congress had no authority to pass law depriving persons of their slave property in territories, so Missouri compromise was always unconstitutional

Lecompton Constitution

If accepted Kansas would be admitted into union, if rejected statehood would be postponed

Lincoln-Douglas Debated

Douglas- No moral position on slavery


Against black citizenship



Lincoln- Nations future rested on spread of free labor


Believed slavery was morally wrong


Not an abolitionist


Blacks not equal to rights but should have some rights

John Browns Raid

Took military fort and hoped that slaves would come and rebel against others. But it didn't happen

Election of 1860

Lincoln won



Started the civil war as South realized their place in the union was helpless