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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Static Electricity
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the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object
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Law of Conservation of Charge
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charge can be transferred from object to object, but never created or destroyed
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opposite charges attract
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like charges repel
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Electric Field
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surrounds every electric charge, and exerts the force that causes other electric charges to be attracted or repelled
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Conductor
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a material in which electrons are able to move easily
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Insulator
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a material in which electrons are not able to move easily in
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Charging by Contact
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the process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing
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Charging by Induction
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the rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object
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What is Lightning and how is it made?
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it is a static discharge (transfer of charge between two objects because of a build up of static electricity) charge builds up causing static discharge b/w ground and cloud. collide with atoms and molecules then emits light
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What is Thunder and how is it made?
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it is a sound wave from lightning caused by lightning ripping electrons off of atoms and it produces thermal energy. the hot air in the path expands rapidly producing sound waves (thunder)
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Grounding
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connecting an object to Earth with a conductor
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Electric Current
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the net movement of electric charges in a single direction
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Voltage DIfference
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related to the force that causes electric charges to flow, measured in volts
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Circuit
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a closed path that electric current follows
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Dry-Cell Batteries
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the cell consists of two electrodes surrounded by electrolyte (moist paste) which enables charges to move b/w electrodes. two terminals a reaction inside occurs. electrons are transferred. carbon rod becomes positive and electrons on the zinc become negative
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Wet-Cell Batteries
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contains two connected plates made of different metals or metallic compounds in a conducting solution (several wet cells connected together)
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Lead-Acid Battery
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(car battery) contains six wet-cells made up of lead and lead dioxide in sulfuric acid solution. each cell provides voltage difference of 2 V.
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Resistance
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the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons
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Ohm's Law
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the current in the circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance
current = voltage difference / resistance I=V/R |
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Series Circuit
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the current only has one loop to flow through (light bulbs and holiday lights)
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Open Circuit
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when any part of a series circuit is disconnected no current flows through the circuit`
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Parallel Circuits
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contain two or more branches for current to move through
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Electrical Power
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the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy
Electrical power = current X voltage difference P = I x V |
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Electrical Energy
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measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh)
electrical energy = electrical X power E = P x t |
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Electrical Fuse
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contains a small piece of metal that melts if the current becomes too high causing a break in the circuit.
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Circuit Breaker
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a device that prevents a circuit from overhearing and causing a fire
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Good Conductors
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metals
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Good Insulators
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wood, rubber and glass
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