Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA duplicates by a process called |
DNA replication |
|
DNA replication is called semiconservative because: |
half of the parent structure is retained in each of the daughter duplexes |
|
Conservative replication |
-The 2 original strands would remain together as would the 2 newly synthesized strands -One of the daughter duplexes would contain only parental DNA, while the other daughter duplex would contain only newly synthesized DNA |
|
Dispersive Replication |
-The parental strands would be broken into fragments, and the new strands would be synthesized in short segments -Old fragments and new segments would be joined together to form a complete strand |
|
Replication starts at the ______ site, where a number of proteins bind to ______ replication |
origin initiate |
|
Replication forks |
points where pair of replicating segments come together and join the nonreplicated segments |
|
DNA gyrase |
relieves the tension by changing the DNA into negatively supercoiled DNA; uses ATP hydrolysis |
|
DNA polymerase |
responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands from a DNA template |
|
Polymerization occurs in the ___ to ___ direction |
5' to 3' |
|
Leading strand |
synthesized continuously |
|
Lagging strand |
synthesized discontinuously |
|
The lagging strand is constructed of small ________, which are joined by DNA ligase |
Okazaki fragments |
|
Primase |
An RNA polymerase that assembles short RNA primers |
|
Helicase and single-stranded DNA-binding (SSB) proteins |
unwind the parental duplex and separate the 2 strands |
|
Replication forks are located within sites called |
replication foci |
|
Nucleotide excision repair |
removes bulky lesions, such as pyrimidine dimers and chemically altered nucleotides |
|
Base excision repair |
removes altered nucleotides that produce distortions of the double helix |
|
Mismatch repair (MMR) |
The correction of mistakes that escape the DNA polymerase proofreading activity |
|
Ionizing radiation cause ______________ |
double-strand breaks (DSBs) |
|
|
|