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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Major parts of the brain

Brain stem


Cerebellum


Diencephalon


Cerebrum


Ventricles

Extensions of central cavity


Filled with cerebral spinal fluid


Continuous

Lateral ventricles

Paired, close together with septum pellucidum between

Third ventricle

In diencephalon

Fourth ventricle

Brain stem

Gray and white matter in brain

Core of gray


Surrounded by white


Sheet of gray called cerebral cortex and cerebellar cortex covering the cerebellum and Cerebrum


Brain Nuclei clusters of cell bodies

Regions in brain stem

Medulla oblongata


Pons


Midbrain

Medulla oblongata

Pyramids (voluntary motor)


Olive with relay Nuclei


Nuclei (sensation from skin)


Nerves for hearing, tongue/pharynx, vagus, tongue


Reticular formation


(Run lines to other portions)

Pons

Superior to medulla

Midbrain

Tectum:roof


Cerebral peduncles

Cerebellum

Smooths and coordinates body movements, posture and equilibrium


Cerebral hemispheres and vermis connects


Outer gray matter, inner white Arbor vitae, deep gray cerebellar nuclei

Diencephalon divisions

Thalamus


Hypothalamus


Epithalamus

Thalamus

Gateway afferent

Hypothalamus

Visceral control center

Epithalamus

Sleep wake cycle

Lobe

Division of organ

Sulci

Grooves

Gyrus

Ridges

Fissure

Split

Fissures in cerebral cortex

Transverse cerebral fissure: separates from cerebellum



Longitudinal fissure: medial

Lobes of cerebrum

Frontal lobe


Parietal lobe


Occipital lobe


Temporal lobe

Functional areas or cerebrum

Conscious mind:


Sensory areas


Association areas


Motor areas

Commissural fibers

Connect CNS sides

Association fibers

Connect parts of same hemisphere

Projection fibers

Ascend or descend


How info arrives


Limbic system

Emotional brain


Cerebrum and diencephalon

Reticular formation

Core of brain stem


Arousal and alertness

Dura mater

Toughest meninges


Limit movement of brain in skull

Arachnoid mater

Loose cover surrounded by space

Pia mater

Delicate CT


Vascularizes and clings

Cerebrospinal fluid

Protects and nourishes brain


Brain float


Resists compression


Produced in ventricles, spreads, reabsorbs into blood of sinuses

Spinal cord anatomy

Runs from foramen magnum to L1 or L2


31 pairs of spinal nerves


Central canal


Gray matter surrounded by white matter

White matter

Ascending and descending mylinated and unmyelinated axons

Gray matter in spinal cord

Cell bodies


Nonmyelinated neurons


Neuralgia

How sensory and motor are in spinal cord

Posterior to anterior:


SS, VS, VM, SM

Spinocerebellar pathway

Ascending


Proprioception


Doesn't decussate

Dorsal column pathway

Ascending sensory


Descriminitive senses


Decussate in medulla

Spinothalamic pathway

Pain temp and deep pressure


Ascending


Decussate in spinal cord

Direct pyramidal tract

Descending


Precise and skilled movemrtns


Decussate in medulla and spinal cord

Indirect pathways extrapyramidal

Subconscious movements and posture


Stroke

Interruption of blood flow


Burst vessel or blood clot


Concussion

Disorientation or confusion from a blow to the head

Alzheimer

Interruptions with areas associated with memory


Hippo, cerebral cortex, and forebrain nuclei

Anencephaly

Brain doesn't close


Results in vegetative baby

Spina bifida

Meninges expand around spinal cord like a bag cyst, jeopardizes spinal cord

Cerebral palsy

Voluntary muscles poorly controlled

Aging brain

Not fewer neurons, maybe lower neurotransmitters in synapses