Chapter 13- Brain

Front 1

FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN

Back 1

SOME RESPONSIBLITY FOR INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS
SENSORY INTEGRAGTION AND MOTOR OUTPUT
BALANCE, VISION,HEARING TASTE,MEMORY,SPEECH,THOUGH

Front 2

BRAIN STEM

Back 2

CONNECTS SPINAL CORD TO BRAIN
3 PARTS
1- MEDDULLA OBLONGATA
2- PONS
3- MIDBRAIN

Front 3

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Back 3

CONTAINS SENSORY & MOTOR& CRANIAL NERVES NUCLEI
CONTAINS PYRAMIDS AND OLIVES

Front 4

PYRAMIDS

Back 4

2 ANTERIOR SURFACE ENLARGEMENTS THESE TRACTS CROSS INFERIORIORLY TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE. EACH HALF OF BRAIN CONTROLS THE OTHER HALF

Front 5

OLIVES

Back 5

2 OVAL STURCTURES ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE
CONTAINS NUCLEI FOR BALANCE, COORDINATION, INNER EAR SOUND CONTROL
HAS CRANIAL NERVES V-IX-X-XI-XII

Front 6

PONS

Back 6

SUPERIOR TO MEDULLA OBLONGATA
RELAYS INFO FROM CEREBRUM TO CEREBELLUM
HAS CRANIAL NERVES V-VI-IX-X-XI-XII
AREA ASSIST IN SLEEP AND BREATHING

Front 7

MIDBRAIN
AKA
MASENCEPHALON

Back 7

SMALLEST REGION OF BRAINSTEM SUPERIOR TO PONS
CONTAINS: CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA- TEGMENTUM- CERENRAL PEDUNCLES- SUBSTANIA NIGRA

Front 8

CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA

Back 8

4 MOUNDS ON DORSAL SURFACE
SUPERIOR COLLICULI- 2 SUP. MOUNDS REFLEX HEAD& EYES TO VISUAL, SOUND, PAIN STIM.
INFERIOR COLLICULI- 2 INF. MOUNDS- INVOLED IN HEARING; RELAY STATION FROM INNER EAR TO BRAIN

Front 9

TEGMENTUM

Back 9

ASCENDING TRACTS OF MIDBRAIN, SENSORY TO BRAIN CONTAINS RED NUCLEI INVOLVED IN UNCONSCIOUS MOTOR CONTROL( POSTURE)

Front 10

CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES

Back 10

VENTREL TO TEGMENTUM: DESCENDING TRACT RELAY STATION FOR MOTOR INFO FROM CEREBRUM TO SPINAL CORD

Front 11

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

Back 11

NUCLEAR MASS BETWEEN TEGMENTUM & CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES- MAINTAINS MUSCLE TONE& COORDINATES MOVEMENTS ( MOTOR PATTERNS)

Front 12

CEREBELLUM

Back 12

IS ATTACHED TO PONS; HAS 3 PARTS
1- FLOCCULONDLAR
2- VERMIS
3- 2 LATERAL HEMISPHERES

Front 13

FLOCCULONUDLAR

Back 13

INVOLVED IN BALANCE& EYE MOVEMENT

Front 14

VERMIS

Back 14

POSTURE, GAIT, FINE MOTOR CONTROL( FINGERS)

Front 15

2 LATERAL HEMISPHERES

Back 15

WORKS WITH CEREBRAL CORTEX IN LEARNING MOVEMENT

DIVIDE BY PRIMARY FISSURE INTO ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR LOBES

Front 16

PURKINJE CELLS

Back 16

INHIBITORY NEURONS RECIEVING 200,000 SYNAPSES

Front 17

FOLIA

Back 17

RIDGES IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX

Front 18

DIENCEPHALON

Back 18

LOCATED BETWEEN BRAINSTEM & CEREBRUM- 4 PARTS
THALAMUS-HYPOTHALAMUS-EPITHALIMUS-SUBTHALAMUS

Front 19

THALAMUS

Back 19

SENSORY RELAY CENTER- 8 SPECIALIZED NUCLEI THAT COORDINATE& RELAY SENSORY INFO THROUGHOUT BRAIN
PRIMARY RELAY STATION FOR
SOUND, SIGHT,PAIN MOTOR CONTROL, MOOD, AND EMOTIONS

Front 20

HYPOTHALAMUS

Back 20

CONTAINS- MAMILLARY BODIES-INFUNDIBULUM
INVOLVED IN THRIST, HUNGAR,SEXDRIVE,MOOD, MOTIVATION, EMOTION
NUCLEI- CONTROLS BODY TEMPATURE

Front 21

MAMILLARY BODIES

Back 21

INVOLVED IN OLFACTORY REFLEXES AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSES TO ODORS

Front 22

INFUNDIBULUM

Back 22

CONNECTS TO POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND- RECIEVES SENSORY FROM ORGANS, TONGUE,CUTANEOUS AREAS,EYES, PREFRONTAL CORTEX , SYNAPES WITH ANS FOR HEART RATE & DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS

Front 23

EPITHALAMUS

Back 23

SUPERIOR&POSTERIOR TO THALAMUS- 2 PARTS
1- HABENULAR NUCLEI
2- PINEAL BODY

Front 24

HABENULAR NUCLEI

Back 24

ASSIST IN EMOTIONAL & VISCERAL RESPONSE TO SMELL

Front 25

PINEAL BODY

Back 25

INVOLVED IN CONTROLLING PUBERTY AND SLEEP/WAKE CYCLES

Front 26

SUBTHALAMUS

Back 26

INVOLVED IN CONTROLLING MOTOR FUNCTIONS

Front 27

CEREBRUM
AKA
CEREBRAL CORTEX

Back 27

ACCOUNTS FOR LARGEST PORTION OF BRAIN. DIVIED NTO L/R HEMISPHERES HAVE FOLDS CALLED GYRI7GROOVES CALLED SULCUS

Front 28

LONGITUNDINAL FISSURE

Back 28

DIVIDES THE LEFT AND RIGHT HEMISPHERES

Front 29

CENTREL SULCUS

Back 29

EXTENDS ACROSS LATERAL SURFACE FROM SUP TO INF, MIDWAY ANT/POST

Front 30

PRECENTRAL GYRUS

Back 30

ANT TO CENTRAL SULCUS& IS PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX

Front 31

POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

Back 31

POST TO CENTRAL SULCUS & IS SOMATIC SENSORY CORTEX

Front 32

NAME THE 4 PARTS OF THE HEMISPHERE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Back 32

FRONTAL: VOLUNTARY MOTOR, MOTIVATION, AGGRESSION, SMELL,MOOD
PARIETAL: RECIEVE&EVALUATE SENSORY INFO( EXCEPT HEARING,SMELL, VISION)
OCCIPITAL: RECEIVE & EVALUATE VISUAL STIM.
TEMPORAL: RECEIVES & EVALUATES SMELL HEARING, MEMORY, ABSTRACT THOUGHT,JUDGEMENT

Front 33

CORTEX

Back 33

GRAY MATTER ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF CEREBRUM

Front 34

CEREBRAL MEDULLA

Back 34

WHITE MATTER BETWEEN CORTEX & NUCLEI

Front 35

CORPUS CALLOSUM

Back 35

CONNECTS THE TWO HEMISPHERES; ALLOWS L/R TO COMMUNICATE

Front 36

BASAL NUCELI

Back 36

GROUP OF FUNCTIONALLY RELATED NUCLEI; LARGEST NUCLEI IN BRAIN- FOUND IN CEREBRUM,DIENCHEPHALON,MIDBRAIN MOTOR CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Front 37

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

Back 37

LOCATED IN DIENCEPHALON PART OF BASAL NUCLEI

Front 38

SUBSTANIA NIGRA

Back 38

LOCATED IN MIDBRAIN PART OF BASAL NUCLEI

Front 39

MENINGES

Back 39

CONTINOUS OVER BRAIN WITHOUT EPIDERMAL SPACE-2 PARTS- OUTER PERIOSTEAL DURA MATTER & INNER MENINGEAL DURA MATTER

Front 40

OUTER PERIOSTEAL DURA MATER

Back 40

CONTINOUS WITH CRANIAL BONE PERIOSTEUM

Front 41

INNER MENINGEAL DURA MATER

Back 41

CONTINOUS WITH SPINAL CORD DURA

Front 42

DURAL FOLDS

Back 42

FOLDS IN MENINGES THAT HOLDS BRAIN IN PLACE

Front 43

FALX CEREBRI

Back 43

LARGEST FOLD CONNECTED TO CRISTI GALLI

Front 44

DURAL VENOUS SINUSES

Back 44

APPEAR BETWEEN MENINGES/PERIOSTEAL DURA MATER TRANSPORTS VENOUS BLOOD AND CSF AWAY FROM BRAIN
THE LARGEST ONE IS CALLED SUP. SAGITTAL SINGUS

Front 45

NAME 4 VENTRICLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Back 45

1&2- LATERAL VENTRICLES
3- CENTER OF DIENCEPHALON BETWEEN THE THALAMUS HALVES
4- SUP. MEDULLA & BASE OF CEREBELLUM CONTINOUS WITH CENTREL CANAL

Front 46

INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMINA

Back 46

CONNECTS LATERAL VENTRICLES AND THRID VENTRICLE

Front 47

CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT

Back 47

CONNECTS THIRD & FOURTH VENTRICLE

Front 48

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

Back 48

BATHES BRAIN & SPINAL CORD
ALLOWS BRAIN TO FLOAT
PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO CNS TISSUE
CUNSHIONS MOVEMENT TRAUMA

Front 49

CHOROID PLEXUSES

Back 49

SPECIALIZED CELLS IN VENTRICLES THAT PRODUCE CSF

Front 50

ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS

Back 50

ARACHNOID TISSUE PROTUDING INTO SUPERIOR VENOUS SINUS FILTERS CSF BACK INTO BLOOD STREAM

Front 51

PATHWAY OF CSF

Back 51

LAT VENTS->THIRD VENT-> AQUEDUCTS -> FOURTH VENT -> SUBARACHNOID SPACE -> ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS -> INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

Front 52

12 CRANIAL NERVES

Back 52

1-OLFACTORY 2- OPTIC
3-OCCULOMOTOR 4- TROCHLEAR
5-TRIGEMINAL 6- ABDUCTENT
7-FACIAL 8- VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
9-GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL 10- VAGUS
11- ACCESSORY 12 HYPOGLOSSAL

Front 53

I. OLFACTORY- SENSORY

Back 53

SENSORY FOR SMELL

Front 54

II. OPTIC- SENSORY

Back 54

SENSORY FOR VISION

Front 55

III. OCCULOMOTOR-MOTOR

Back 55

FOUR OF SIX MUSCLES THAT MOVE EYEBALL REGULATES PUPIL SIZE AND LENS SHAPE

Front 56

IV. TROCHLEAR-MOTOR

Back 56

ONE OF SIX MUSCLES THAT MOVE EYEBALL

Front 57

V. TRIGEMINAL- BOTH

Back 57

JAW MUSCLES OF CHEWING, INNER EAR, THROAT MUSCLES PROPRIOCEPTION FRO TMJ, TONGUE,CHEEK
SENSORY CUTANEOUS OF THE HEAD

Front 58

VI. ABDUCENT-MOTOR

Back 58

ONE OF SIX THAT MOVE EYEBALL

Front 59

VII. FACIAL- BOTH

Back 59

MOTOR TO FACIAL EXPRESSION, MOTOR TO MIDDLE EAR7HYOID
SENSE FOR TASTE ANT. 2/3 OF TONUGE SALIVARY GLANDS OF MOUTH, LACRIMAL GLANDS OF EYE

Front 60

VIII. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR- SENSORY

Back 60

SENSORY FOR HEARING AND BALANCE

Front 61

IX. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL- BOTH

Back 61

MOTOR TO PHARYNX, SENSORY TASTE POST. THIRD OF TONGUE SENSORY FOR CAROTID ARTERIES( BP,CO2,02,pH)

Front 62

X VAGUS- BOTH

Back 62

MUSCLES OF SOFT PALATE,PHARNYX,LARNYX
SENSORY FOR PHARYNX,LARNYX
SENSORY AORTIC ARCH(BP,CO2,02,pH)
SENSORY FROM THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL ORGANS
REGULATES HEART, LUNG,DIGESTIVE ORGANS,KIDNEYS

Front 63

XI. ACCESSORY-MOTOR

Back 63

ORGINATES SUPERIOR PART OF SPINAL CORD
MOTOR CONTROL OF STERNOCLEDIOMASTOID& TRAPEZIUS

Front 64

XII. HYPOGLOSSAL-MOTOR

Back 64

MUSCLES OF TONGUE AND HYOID