Chapter 13 Anatomy Test

Front 1

3 functions of respiratory system structures aside from gas exchange

Back 1

1. purify air

2. humidify air

3. warm air

Front 2

function of respiratory mucosa in nasal cavity

Back 2

warms air as it flows past

Front 3

function of cilia in nasal cavity

Back 3

move sheet of contaminated mucus to pharynx to be swallowed

Front 4

2 functions of conchae in nasal cavity

Back 4

1. increase air turbulence

2. increase surface area of mucosa

Front 5

what happens if anything other than air enters the larynx?

Back 5

cough reflex to expel substance

Front 6

function of larynx

Back 6

routes air and food into proper channels

Front 7

2 functions of hyaline cartilage in trachea

Back 7

1. allows esophagus to expand when swallowing

2. keep the trachea walls open for breathing

Front 8

alternative to Heimlich maneuver if it doesn't work

Back 8

putting in tubes for a tracheostomy

Front 9

how does smoking affect cilia of trachea?

Back 9

inhibits ciliary activity and destroys cilia; must cough often to prevent mucus from accumulating in lungs

Front 10

4 characteristics of right bronchus

Back 10

1. wider

2. shorter

3. more vertical (straighter)

4. more likely for something to get stuck

Front 11

lobes of each lung

Back 11

left = 2

right = 3

Front 12

2 functions of pleural fluid

Back 12

1. allows lungs to glide easily over thorax wall

2. causes two pleural layers to cling together

Front 13

4 parts of respiratory zone

Back 13

1. respiratory bronchioles

2. alvelolar ducts

3. alveolar sacs

4. alveoli

Front 14

function of alveolar pores

Back 14

connect neighboring air sacs and provide alternative routes for air to reach alveoli whose feeder bronchioles are blocked

Front 15

4 parts of respiratory membrane

Back 15

1. alveolar walls

2. capillary walls

3. fused basement membranes

4. elastic fibers

Front 16

4 parts of respiration

Back 16

1. pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

2. external respiration

3. respiratory gas transport

4. internal respiration

Front 17

what happens to diaphragm when it contracts?

Back 17

moves inferiorly and flattens out

Front 18

2 respiratory sounds

Back 18

1. bronchial (air rushing through trachea and bronchi)

2. vesicular breathing (air fills alveoli)

Front 19

basic law that causes gas exchange

Back 19

diffusion

Front 20

2 ways oxygen is transported

Back 20

1. attached to hemoglobin molecules inside RBCs forming oxyhemoglobin

2. dissolved in plasma

Front 21

2 ways carbon dioxide is transported

Back 21

1. in the plasma as the bicarbonate ion

2. in hemoglobin carried in RBCs

Front 22

process of carbon dioxide being released from bicarbonate ion

Back 22

enters red blood cells, combine with hydrogen ions, form carbonic acid, splits to form water and CO2

Front 23

what's cool about carbon monoxide poisoning

Back 23

CO basically beats out oxygen for binding to hemoglobin

Front 24

enzyme speeding up conversion of carbon dioxide to bicaronate ions

Back 24

carbonic anhydrase

Front 25

2 neural centers controlling respiratory rhythm

Back 25

1. medulla

2. pons

Front 26

function of medulla vs. pons

Back 26

medulla sets basic rhythm; pons smoothens out basic rhythm

Front 27

difference between hyperpnea and hyperventilation

Back 27

hyperpnea does not change rate of breathing; it just makes the breaths deeper

Front 28

4 factors affecting respiration

Back 28

1. physical influences

2. volition (conscious control)

3. emotions

4. chemicals

Front 29

what is strange about the need for someone with emphysema to breathe

Back 29

since they retain carbon dioxide, the brain no longer recognizes increased levels; stimulus is now dropping oxygen, not rising CO2