Chapter 13

Front 1

What percent of solar energy is reflected back into space?

Back 1

30%

Since 70% is absorbed by the atmosphere and planetary surface, the balance, or 30%, is reflected back into space.

Front 2

Which GHG is not regulated by the EPA yet?

Back 2

Carbon Dioxide

Front 3

In developed countries, the two most deadly sources of indoor pollution are _______.

Back 3

Radon and Cigarette smoke

Front 4

The ozone hole is largely a consequence of the use of ______.

Back 4

CFCs

(chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants)

The chlorine of CFCs reacts chemically in such a way that one chlorine atom can destroy up to 100,000 molecules of O3.

Front 5

What can trap pollutants at ground level and cause dangerous smog?

Back 5

Thermal Inversions

A layer of cool air forms beneath a layer of warm air. Thermal inversions prevent pollutants from being dispersed, trapping them at ground level.

Front 6

What is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon containing compounds?

Back 6

Tropospheric Ozone

Front 7

In the troposphere, temperature decreases with altitude. how can you explain the opposite effect in the stratosphere?

Back 7

Stratospheric temperatures increase with altitude because the ozone and oxygen in the stratosphere absorb the sun's UV radiation.

Front 8

The largest portion of atmospheric gases is _____.

Back 8

Nitrogen (78%)

Front 9

What is most associated with sulfur dioxide (SO2)?

Back 9

SO2 can readily form sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate in addition to other chemicals tat make up the majority of industrial smog.

Front 10

How does photochemical smog differ from industrial smog?

Back 10

It is formed only in the presence of sunlight

Front 11

A _____ pollutant interacts with a part of the atmosphere and becomes a ____ pollutant.

Back 11

Primary; Secondary

Primary pollutants are emitted into the troposphere in a form that can cause harm or can react with chemicals in the atmosphere. When they react with chemicals in the atmosphere, they form a new and different pollutant called a secondary pollutant.

Front 12

What resulted in a significant reduction in the production of CFCs by signatory nations?

Back 12

The Montreal Protocol

Front 13

Ozone is made of _____ and is broken down by _______.

Back 13

Oxygen; Chlorine

Front 14

Most of the indoor air pollution in the homes of people in developing countries comes from ____.

Back 14

Burning Fuel Wood

Also soot and carbon monoxide, these are primary pollutants that result from burning wood and charcoal inside the home.

Front 15

What damaging pollutant is not closely tracked by the U.S. EPA?

Back 15

Mercury

Front 16

What blocks oxygen transport in human blood?

Back 16

Carbon Monoxide

Front 17

What health problems can CFC pollution cause?

Back 17

Increasing skin cancer in humans

Front 18

A great deal of indoor air pollution comes from ______.

Back 18

Carpets, furniture, and laser printers. (VOCs)

Front 19

Which pollutants are the top two responsible for lung pollution in the United States?

Back 19

Cigarette smoke and radon gas

Front 20

Near the equator, the patterns of convection currents are called _______.

Back 20

Hadley Cells

Front 21

What are the types of convective cells that produce global climate patterns?

Back 21

Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar

Front 22

What did Mark Twain say?

Back 22

"Climate is what we expect; weather is what we get."