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65 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)

What are some of the reasons why water is used in the fire service? (5)

  • Inexpensive
  • Universal abundance
  • Ability to absorb heat
  • Can be conveyed long distances
  • Easily stored
How many kPa does it take to compress water by 1%
210,000 kPa
What is specific heat?
The specific heat of any substance is the ratio between the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a specified quantity of material and the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of an identical quantity of water by the same number of degrees.



The specific heat of water is 1:1

What is Latent Heat Vaporization?
Latent heat of vaporization refers to the amount of heat absorbed by any substance when it is converted from a liquid to a vapour.
What are some disadvantages of using water to extinguish fires?
  • High surface tension
  • Reactive with certain materials
  • Low opacity/reflectivity
  • Low viscosity (doesn't stick to walls)
  • Conductive
  • Steam causes injuries

What are some sources of water?

  • Municipal systems (hydrants)
  • Rivers/Lakes/Ponds
  • Wells/Pools/Cisterns/Fire Dept Apparatus (Tankers, etc)
How many pumps does the Edmonton water distribution system have?
Over 59
How many liters of water is within the system and what is allocated to fire protection?
800 million liters (50 million for fire protection)
What are the water distribution system’s pipe sizes?
  • >400mm Primary lines
  • 300-400mm Feeders
  • 200-300mm Distribution


(Note that pipes can go up to 1500mm)
What is Static Pressure?
pressure of the water when it is not moving
What is the definition of Normal Operating Pressure?
pressures within water distribution system during normal consumption demands
What is Residual Pressure?
total available pressure not used to overcome friction or gravity when water is flowing through system (as in, what's left over after friction/gravity)
What is Flow Pressure?
forward velocity pressure at any discharge opening
What is Water Hammer?
The destructive forces, evident in pounding noises and vibrations, which develop in a piping system when a column of non-compressible liquid flowing through a pipe line at a given pressure and velocity is stopped abruptly.
Why is it important to only have the hydrant fully open or fully closed?
If the hydrant is not completely open or shut, the drain is left partially open and the resulting flow from the drain contributes to ground erosion and creates problems for the hydrant and the flow of water.
How many hydrants are along the streets of Edmonton?
18,000+
How far below ground are they?
2 - 2.5m (6.5 - 8 ft)
How many turns do Compression or AVK Hydrants need?
20+
How many turns do Gate Hydrants need?
Roughly 12
What are the colors / flow rates of Hydrants?
Blue/Black/Silver = 5,700+ LPM



Green= 3,800-5,700 LPM




Yellow/Orange= 1,900-3,800 LPM




Red= <1,900 LPM

What are the colors / meanings of Hydrant service rings?
Orange - Out of Service (non-operational)



Blue - Hydrant in Use (with permission)




White - Fire department Use Only




Green - Under Construction (no water)

When drafting, how far should the strainer be from the top of water and bottom of water source?
45cm from top



60cm from bottom

What are the three basic elements of a water shuttle operation?
Dump site



Shuttle




Fill Site

What is relay pumping?
When two or more pumpers are used in series to move water over long distances.
What are the on-board water capacities of EFRS units in liters?
Pump - 1817

Ladder - 1134


Quint - 1818


Tanker - 4500 (13600 pond)


Super Tanker - 13500 (15200 pond)


Mule - 250


ATP - 1442

What are the different sizes / uses of fire hose?
25mm - booster reel (ATP/Tanker)

38mm - Wildland


44mm - Hi-Combat Attack


65mm - Hi-Combat Attack


125mm - Hi-Vol


150mm - Hard Suction (Lightweight and Heavy Black)

What is the Nozzle pressure, flow rate, and friction loss of a 44mm line (15m length)
500 kPa @ Nozzle



550 LPM




100 kPa Loss

What is the Nozzle pressure, flow rate, and friction loss of a 65mm line (15m length)
500 kPa @ Nozzle



950 LPM




50 kPa Loss

What size of hose is used in the jump line?
44mm (30m)
How many lengths of hose is used on Booster reel?
3 lengths (45m total)
How many lengths of 125mm hose is on the varying apparatus?
Pump (20 lengths)



Tanker (15 lengths)




Ladder (9 lengths)




Quint (4 lengths)

How long are 125mm hose lengths?
15m (but a 7.5m Pony length can be found in rear compartment)
How long are 150mm Suction Hose?
4m - 5m



(however the yellow E-ONE has a 3m hose that can be used from hydrant or drafting)

What hose is on the Pump?
38mm (seasonal)



44mm




65mm




125mm




150mm

What hose is on the Ladder?
44mm



65mm




125mm

What hose is on the Tanker?
25mm



38mm (seasonal)




44mm




65mm




125mm




150mm

What hose is on the Super Tanker?
25mm

38mm (seasonal)


44mm


65mm


125mm


150mm

What hose is on the ATP?
25mm



38mm (seasonal)




65mm

What is the one hose size that all water supplied apparatus carry?
65mm

What are the four categories of hazards to fire hose?

  • Mechanical (rips, frayed, cracked)
  • Thermal (charred, melted, discoloured)
  • Organic (mold)
  • Chemical (exposed to gas/diesel/paint/acid/etc)

TOMC

How long can you hang hose in the drying tower?
No more than 48 hours
What is the only hose you do not hang in the hose tower?
Combat Hose (44mm / 65mm)



125mm Hi-vol

At what pressure/duration is 44mm and 65mm tested?
2100 kPa for 3 minutes
At what pressure/duration is 125mm tested?
1400 kPa for 3 minutes
When pressure testing hose, what side/distance should you stay away?
15' (4.6m) to the left (when standing at the pump)
How often should hose beds be inspected and reloaded?
Every 3 months
What load types does EFRS use?
Flat Load



Scorpion Hose Load (for Jump Line)

What is the process called of connecting to and opening a hydrant?
"Catching the hydrant"

What are the duties of the big gate? (10)

*answer isn't word for word

1. Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE carrying a radio.

2. Remove the hydrant gate.

3. Wrap hose around hydrant.

4. Stand on hose and signal small gate when ready.

5. When the apparatus is stopped or when it is safe to do so, remove steamer cap from hydrant.

6. Inspect the barrel and connect gate.

7. Ensure that the drain valve on hydrant gate is in the open position.

8. Radio or signal driver or sector officer that you are ready to turn on hydrant.

9. Open hydrant when ordered by driver or sector officer, close drain valve.

10. Gather tools, remove kinks in the hose and report to your officer for reassignment.

What are the duties of the small gate? (11)

*answer isn't word for word

1. Safely dismount the apparatus wearing all PPE carrying a radio.

2. If riding on a new Smeal Pumper ensure the coffin doors are electrically opened.

3. Retrieve hydrant kit from the driver rear compartment of apparatus.

4. Place hydrant kit near the hydrant in a practical location.

5. Help Big gate with the supply line and wait for the ready signal.

6. Return to your position in the apparatus and relay the ready signal to the driver and officer.

7. At the scene. Safely dismount the unit and un-couple the supply line at the nearest joint.

8. Attach the supply line to the appropriate apparatus at the scene. *Utilize the pony length when it is advantageous to do so

9. If located at the intake connection, open intake drain valve.

10. Communicate to the driver of the apparatus that the line is ready

11. Report to your officer for reassignment.

What is a "modified" reverse lay?
Parking the Pump at the structure and manually dragging the Hi-Vol back to the hydrant (this will look like a Forward lay in the end, but really you "laid the hose to the hydrant")
What is a reverse hose lay to the hydrant?
The first pump goes straight to the scene to do a size up, then the second arriving pump lays hose from the first pump back to the hydrant (thus will look the same as a Forward Lay). The second arriving pump will have the option to connect itself to the hydrant to boost hydrant pressure. Operations will be short 2 FF for a short time, and could be short the driver in a drafting situation.
Do both the 44mm and 65mm fog nozzles have detachable tips that allow for a 44mm hose line to be added?
Yes

What is the nozzle pressure / flow /friction loss of the piercing nozzle?

500 kPa

475 LPM

50 kPa loss

What is the friction loss on a siamese, wye, and gated wye?
70 kPa
What is the inlet and outlet size on the hydrant gate?
100mm threaded inlet (from Hydrant) to 125mm Storz outlet
What is the nozzle pressure, flow, and friction loss on a deluge gun?
700 kPa



2650 LPM




70 kPa loss

What are the 3 flow settings on the 65mm QAM (Quick Attack Monitor)?
950 LPM



1400 LPM




1900 LPM

What apparatus are 65mm QAM's found?
Ladder (pre-connected w/ 4 lengths)



Pump (5 lengths rear bed)




Tanker (5 lengths rear bed)

How much pressure is lost for every 1 meter of elevation?
10 kPa
How much pressure is lost for floor you go up a structure?
35 kPa (on average, each floor is 3.5m)
What is the nozzle pressure and flow on a 65mm Ground Monitor?
550 kPa

3000 LPM

List alternate methods to supply water at a fire scene. (4)

Drafting

Relay pumping

Water shuttle

Tankers

How tight should couplings be when loading hose?
Hand tight only



(can use a house key or storz wrench if leaks found afterwards)

What is the difference between a Dead-End Hydrant and a Circulating Loop Hydrant?


A Dead End Hydrant only gets water from one direction (and thus will generally have lower pressure)