Chapter 12 Vocab

Front 1

War of 1812

Back 1

Fought between Britain and the United States largely over the issues of trade and impressment. It demonstrated America's willingness to defend its interests militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers.

Front 2

Isaac Brock

Back 2

British general who helped stave off an American invasion of upper Canada during the War of 1812. Brock successfully captured Detroit from American forces in August of 1812 but was killed in battle later that year.

Front 3

Oliver Hazard Perry

Back 3

American naval officer whose decisive victory over a British fleet on Lake Erie during the War of 1812 reinvigorated American morale and paved the way for General William Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Front 4

Thomas Macdonough

Back 4

American naval officer who secured a decisive victory over a British fleet at the Battle of Plattsburg, halting the British invasion of New York.

Front 5

Francis Scott Key

Back 5

American author and lawyer who composed the "Star Spangles Banner"-purportedly while observing the bombardment of Fort McHenry from the deck of a British ship where he was detained.

Front 6

Battle of New Orleans

Back 6

Resounding victory of American forces against the British, restoring American confidence and fueling an outpouring of nationalism. Final battles of the War of 1812.

Front 7

Congress of Vienna

Back 7

Convention of major European powers to redraw the boundaries of continental Europe after the defeat of Napoleonic France.

Front 8

Treaty of Ghent

Back 8

Ended the war of 1812 in a virtual draw, restoring prewar borders but failing to address any of the grievance that first brought America into the war.

Front 9

Hartford Convention

Back 9

Convention of federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of southern and western interests in Congress and in the White House.

Front 10

Rush-Bagot agreement

Back 10

Signed by Britain and the US, it established strict limits on naval armaments in the Great Lakes, a first step in the full demilitarization of the US-Canadian border, completed in the 1870s.

Front 11

Tariff of 1816

Back 11

First protective tariff in American history,creates primarily to shield NE manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.

Front 12

American System

Back 12

Henry Clay's three-pronged system to promote American industry. Clay advocated a strong banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network.

Front 13

Tallmadge amendment

Back 13

Failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into Missouri Territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation. Southerners opposed the amendment which they perceived as a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Front 14

Peculiar Insitution

Back 14

Widely used term for the institution of American slavery in the South. Its use reflected a growing division between North and South.

Front 15

Missouri Compromise

Back 15

Allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state but preserved the balance between North and South by carving free-soil Maine out of MA and prohibiting slavery from territories acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.

Front 16

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 16

Supreme Court case that strengthened federal authority and upheld constitutionality of the Bank of the Unites States by establishing that the State of Maryland did not have power to tax the bank.

Front 17

Loose Construction

Back 17

Legal doctrine that the federal gov't can use powers not specifically granted or prohibited in the Constitution or carry out its constitutionally mandated responsibilities.

Front 18

Cohens v Virginia

Back 18

Case that reinforced federal supremacy by establishing the right of the Supreme Court to review courts in questions involving the powers of the federal government.

Front 19

Gibbons v. Ogden

Back 19

Suit over whether New York State could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters.

Front 20

Fletcher v. Peck

Back 20

Established firmer protection for private property and asserted the right of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws in conflict with the federal Constitution.

Front 21

Anglo-American Convention

Back 21

Signed by Britain and the US the pact allowed New England fishermen access to Newfoundland fisheries, established the northern border of Louisiana Territory, and provided for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country for ten years.

Front 22

Florida Purchase Treaty

Back 22

Concluded in 1819 between the United States and Spain. Spain ceded Florida to the United States, and the two nations agreed on the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase. Spain retained the territory from Texas to California while abandoning its claims to the Oregon country.

Front 23

George Canning

Back 23

British foreign secretary who proposed what would later become the Monroe Doctrine, a declaration issued by James Monroe warning European powers to refrain from acquiring new territories in the Americas.

Front 24

Monroe Doctrine

Back 24

Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas. The United States largely lacked the power to back up the pronouncement, which was actually enforced by the British, who sought unfettered access to Latin American markets.

Front 25

Russo-American Treaty

Back 25

Fixed the line of 54 40 as the southernmost boundary of Russian holdings in North America.