Chapter 12, Social Psychology

Front 1

Social psychology

Back 1

the study of how people influence other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions

Front 2

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Back 2

The tendency to view out group members as less varied than in-group members

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ingroup favoritism

Back 3

the tendency for people to evaluate favorably and privilege members of the ungroup more than members of the outgroup

Front 4

Social identity theory

Back 4

the idea that ingroups consist of individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category and experience pride through their group membership

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social facilitation

Back 5

the idea that the presence of others generally enhances performance

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deindividuation

Back 6

a state of reduced individuality, reduced self-awareness, and reduced attention to personal standards; this phenomenon may occur when people are part of a group.

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group polarization

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the process by which initial attitudes of groups become more extreme over time

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goupthink

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the tendency of groups to make bad decisions when the group is under pressure, facing external threats, and is biased.

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social loafing

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the tendency for people to not work as hard in a group than when working alone

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conformity

Back 10

the altering of ones behaviors and opinions to match those of other people or to match other peoples expectations

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Normative influence

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the tendency for people to conform in order to fit in with the group

Front 12

informational influence

Back 12

the tendency for people to conform when they assume that the behavior of others represents the correct way to respond

Front 13

social norms

Back 13

expected standards of conduct, which influence behavior

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compliance

Back 14

the tendency to agree to do things requested by others

Front 15

foot-in-the-door effect

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the idea that if people agree to a small request they become more likely to comply with a large and undesirable request

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obedience

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when a person follows the orders of a person of authority

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aggression

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any behavior that involves the intention to harm another

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prosocial behaviors

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actions that tend to benefit others, such as doing favors of helping

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altruism

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providing help when it is needed, with our and apparent reward for doing so,

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inclusive fitness

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an explanation for altruism that focuses on the adaptive benefit of transmitting genes, such as through kin selection, rather than focusing on individual survival

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attitudes

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peoples evaluations of objects, of events, or of ideas

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mere exposure effect

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the idea that greater exposure to a stimulus leafs to greater liking for it

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explicit attitudes

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attitudes that a person can report

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implicit attitudes

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attitudes that influence a persons feelings and behavior at an unconscious level

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IAT

Back 25

a test that flashes words on a screen and you have to categorize them quickly

it shows if you have an implicit attitude about something

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Cognitive dissonance

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an uncomfortable mental state resulting from a contradiction between two attitudes or between an attitude and a behavior.

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persuasion attributions- personal

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explanations of peoples behavior that refer to their internal characteristics such as abilities, traits, moods, or efforts

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persuasion attributions- situational stereotypes

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explanations of peoples behavior that refer to external events, such as the weather, luck, accidents, or other peoples actions.

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Prejudice

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negative feelings, opinions, and beliefs associated with a stereotype

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discrimination

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the inappropriate and unjustified treatment pf people as a result of prejudice

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Realistic conflict theory

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whenever there are two or more groups that are seeking the same limited resources, this will lead to conflict, negative stereotypes and beliefs, and discrimination between the groups

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contact hypothesis

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the idea of bringing people in conflict into contact with one another will slowly cause problems to be resolved

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modern racism

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subtle forms of prejudice that coexist with the rejection of racist beliefs

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passionate love

Back 34

a state of intense longing and desire

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companionate love

Back 35

a strong commitment based on friendship, trust, respect, and intimacy