Chapter 12 Skin Hair Nails

Front 1

apocrine gland

Back 1

open into hair follicles. thick -in axillae, anogenital area nipples and naval decreases in aging adult odor

Front 2

eccrine gland

Back 2

open onto skin surface produce sweat. mature in 2month old infant

Front 3

nails indication of

Back 3

good way for metabolic orders

Front 4

functions of skin

Back 4

protect fluid balance aborb and excrete synthesis of vit d , sensation thermoregulation immunity communication ( non verbal) identification

Front 5

in relation to other systems

Back 5

no o2 then blue, cardio- no circulation. hair loss , can get ulcer if skin bad jaundice /urinary excretion on skin. rash allery see on skon..hypothermidism- dry skin

Front 6

children skin

Back 6

normal for jaundice early on

Front 7

teenagers

Back 7

acne hair on axillae and groin bodor odor

Front 8

pregnancy

Back 8

hair change chloasma (pregnancy mask) line up abdomen.. (linea nigra) striae gravidarum .. connective tissue frail. metabolism increased in pregnancy sweat and sebaceous glands increase

Front 9

menopause

Back 9

skin dry,, hair on face

Front 10

older adults

Back 10

skin loose elasticity,, nails brittle skin thinner hair thinner

Front 11

senile purpura

Back 11

older adults get when skin dry dark and red discolored spots on the skin

Front 12

blacks and whites skin

Back 12

sweat more than asians and indians

Front 13

black hair

Back 13

scalps dry ..

Front 14

blacks -skin

Back 14

keloids/ pigmentary disorders .. pseudofolliculitis razor bumps melasma - the mask of pregancy

Front 15

pruritus

Back 15

itching

Front 16

alopecia

Back 16

significant hair loss

Front 17

pallor

Back 17

loss of color due to absence of oxygenated hemoglobin

Front 18

pallor white skin

Back 18

looses rosey tones can become yellow may be mistaken for jaundice

Front 19

pallor dark skin

Back 19

looses red undertones and appears ash-gray brown skin yellow tinged looks dull

Front 20

absence of color

Back 20

generalized by albinism.. localized bu vitiligo or tinea veriscolor a commun fungal infection.

Front 21

albinism on light skin

Back 21

white skin and white hair and pink irisis vitilligo appears as patchy milk white areas.

Front 22

albinism on dark skin

Back 22

appears as white skin and pink iris vitiligo is very noticeable as patchy white milk areas.

Front 23

cyanosis

Back 23

blue inadequate oxygenated blood in skin

Front 24

causes for cyanosis

Back 24

due to cardiac disease pulmonary disease , heart malformations and low hemoglobin levels. local is due to vasoconstriction exposure to cold and emotional stress

Front 25

cyanosis in light skin

Back 25

skin lips mucous membranes look blue-tinged the conjunctive nail beds are blue.

Front 26

cyanosis in dark

Back 26

appear a shade darker undectable except for the lips tongue and oral muscous membranes conjunctivae appear pale or blue tinged.

Front 27

reddish blue tone

Back 27

increased hemoglobin and stasis of blood in capillaries. // apparent in the face mouth and hands feet and conjunctivae ..

Front 28

cause of reddish blue tone

Back 28

polycythemia vera--overproduction of red blood cells

Front 29

reddish blue tone on light skin

Back 29

reddish purple hue

Front 30

darker skin for reddish blue tone

Back 30

difficult to detect the normal skin color may appear darker in some clients - check lips for redness.

Front 31

erythema

Back 31

reddish of skin due to increased visibility of normal oxyhemoglobin

Front 32

erythema

Back 32

fever. local inflammation . allery. emotions alcohol- exposure to extreme cold .

Front 33

erythema in light skinned

Back 33

readily identifiable over entire body or local redness higher fever at the site...

Front 34

erythema in dark skinned

Back 34

difficult to detect local purple.. higher temp hardness

Front 35

jaundice -

Back 35

yellow due to increased billirubin in the blood,

Front 36

light skin jaundice

Back 36

seen over skin and sclerae oral mucosa hard palate fingernails palms

Front 37

dark skin jaundice

Back 37

visible in the sclerae , oral muscosa palate palms and soles

Front 38

carotenemia

Back 38

yellow orange tinge increased levels of carotene in the blood, seen in anorexia patients and endocrine disorders

Front 39

light skin carotenemia

Back 39

seen in forehead palms soles no yellowing of sclerae or mucous membranes

Front 40

dark skin carotenemia

Back 40

yellow - orange tinge most visible palms and soles no yellowing of sclerae or mucous membranes

Front 41

uremia

Back 41

pale yellow tone due to uninary chromogens in the blood

Front 42

cause of uremia

Back 42

chronic renal disease

Front 43

light skin uremia

Back 43

generalized pallor and yellow tinge not affect conjuctiva or mucous membranes, skin may appear bruised.

Front 44

dark skin urmeia

Back 44

difficult rely on lab tests

Front 45

brown

Back 45

increase in production of deposition of melanin generalized or local

Front 46

causes brown

Back 46

Addisos disease or pituitary tumor hormonal on face tanning bootse

Front 47

light skin people brown

Back 47

bronzed skin red tinge really pale skin

Front 48

dark skin people

Back 48

deepening of skin tone sun exposure brown to black

Front 49

ABCDE OF MELANOMA

Back 49

asymmetry
border irregularity
color variation
diameter greater than 6 mm
elevation and enlargement

Front 50

vitiligo -- abnormal

Back 50

complete absence of melanin in certain areas. more noticeable on darker skin people

Front 51

descriptions of lesions

Back 51

size shape color texture exudate tenderness surface relationship - raised or flat /blanching or pulsation of vascular lesions. pattern configuration and distribution..

Front 52

diaphoresis

Back 52

a lot of perspiration

Front 53

dehydration

Back 53

mucous membranes dry and lips cracked

Front 54

skin w hyperthyroidism

Back 54

skin feels smoother and softer

Front 55

skin w hypothyroidism

Back 55

skin feels rough dry flaky

Front 56

very thin skin

Back 56

arterial insufficiency

Front 57

edema

Back 57

fluid in intercellular spaces - pig skin orange peel look

Front 58

mobility and turgor

Back 58

mobility decreased when edema present.

Front 59

color integrity odor and lesions of skin

Back 59

primary secondary and vascular

Front 60

cherry angioma

Back 60

normal people over 30 also called senile angiomas

Front 61

petechiae

Back 61

do not blanch.. small round nonraised hemmorhage

Front 62

hair

Back 62

color texture and distribution

Front 63

tinea capitis

Back 63

ringworm inection

Front 64

hirsutism

Back 64

excessive hair

Front 65

lice

Back 65

occipital area

Front 66

nails shape and contour consistency

Back 66

160 Degrees or clubbing

Front 67

color of nails

Back 67

even pink nail bed

Front 68

capillary refill

Back 68

1-2 seconds

Front 69

skin infants

Back 69

mongolian spot in darker skin

Front 70

skin

Back 70

cafe au lait . usually present at birth

Front 71

newborns

Back 71

usually red first 24 hours

Front 72

then harlequin color change

Back 72

side lying position lower half turns red and the top half turns blanches with demarcation line down the midline.

Front 73

erythema toxicum

Back 73

flea bite rash in the first 3-4 days

Front 74

newborn skin acrocyanosis

Back 74

bluish color around lips hands and fingernails feet and toenails. last few hours and dissapear

Front 75

newborn curtis marmorata

Back 75

red or blue pattern over skin transient mottling in response to cooler room temps

Front 76

physiological jaundice on newborns

Back 76

after 3rd or 4th day if on first could be hemolytic disease and after 2 weeks could be billiary tract obstruction.

Front 77

carotenemia common on infants

Back 77

orange foods

Front 78

vernix caseosa

Back 78

white cream cheese substance on newborns

Front 79

milia

Back 79

tiny white papules

Front 80

storkbite

Back 80

present at birth - fades within the year. can see forehead and back of neck

Front 81

lanugo

Back 81

fine hair over body

Front 82

newborns nails

Back 82

are blue then change to pink after 2 hrs

Front 83

adolescents

Back 83

increase in sebaceous glands leads to acne open comedones are blackheads and closes are whiteheads

Front 84

pregnant female striae

Back 84

stretchmarks

Front 85

linea nigra

Back 85

brownish black line down the middle

Front 86

vascular spiders pregnant

Back 86

lesions tiny red centers with radiating branches that occur on the face neck and upper chest and arms

Front 87

liver spots older

Back 87

senile lentigines

Front 88

keratoses

Back 88

crusted scaly and warty // one type seborrheic keratosis

Front 89

actinic keratosis on older adult

Back 89

less common than seborrheic keratosis

Front 90

skin tags

Back 90

acrochordons

Front 91

alopecia

Back 91

male pattern balding

Front 92

suspicious lesions

Back 92

asymmetry
borders inregular bleeding
color changes or multiple colors
diameter > .5cm
evolving

Front 93

lesions annular

Back 93

circular

Front 94

polycyclic

Back 94

annular lesions grow together

Front 95

zosteriform

Back 95

linear arrangement along a nerve route. herpes zoster

Front 96

primary lesions macule/patch

Back 96

macule less than 1 cm
patch greater than 1 cm

Front 97

primary lesions papule/plaque

Back 97

papule raised less than 1 cm
plaque raised greater than 1 cm

Front 98

vascular lesions-port wine stain

Back 98

port wine stain . present at birth ususally doesnt fade along the cranial nerve V

Front 99

vascular lesions strawberry mark

Back 99

disappears 5-7 doesnt blanch

Front 100

vascular lesions cavernous hemangioma

Back 100

reddish blue disappear 10-15 months

Front 101

vascular spider angioma

Back 101

fiery red star shaped marking with a solid circular center

Front 102

vascular venous star

Back 102

flat bluish when pressure in center cant blanch

Front 103

petechiae

Back 103

tiny hemorrhages wont blanch

Front 104

purpura

Back 104

many petechiae

Front 105

vascular hematoma

Back 105

bruise you can feel

Front 106

ecchymosis-vascular

Back 106

flat

Front 107

secondary lesions add to the skin or take away

Back 107

lichenification scales crust scar keloid

Front 108

take away from skin secondary lesions

Back 108

excoriation erosion fissure ulcer atrophy

Front 109

suspicious lesions

Back 109

actinic keratosis. squamous cell carcinoma - basal cell carcinoma melanoma kaposi sacroma

Front 110

nail abnormalities koilonychia

Back 110

spoon nails

Front 111

onychomycosis

Back 111

tinea unguium

Front 112

nail abnormalities

Back 112

splinter hemorrhage pitting

Front 113

bruits

Back 113

sound heard with the bell... if thyroid swollen check for this

Front 114

infant caput succedaneum

Back 114

swelling of newborn head resolves during first 2days of life

Front 115

cephalhematoma

Back 115

subperiosteal hemorrhage result of birth trauma appears several hours after birth and increases reabsorbed after the first few weeks of life

Front 116

older adult senile tremors

Back 116

benign and include head nodding

Front 117

eyes dark skinned

Back 117

glaucoma muddy sclera

Front 118

dark skinned eyes asians

Back 118

fold medial canthus

Front 119

visual acuity tests

Back 119

snellen and rosenbaum optic nerve 2

Front 120

visual fields by confrontation

Back 120

optic nerve 2 , peripheral test where they cover eye and you wiggle fingers and they say where they can see

Front 121

oculomotor nerve 3

Back 121

inspect eyelids for drooping inspect pupils size for equality and direct and consensual response to light and accomodatopn.. hte pupillary light reflex.. ( advance light from side and see constriction of same side pupil and constriction of other pupil and then accomadation have them stare away and then shift gaze to near object - normal response pupillary constriction and eyes come togehther

Front 122

trochlear nerve 4 test extaocular eye movements

Back 122

can be cover uncover test, have person look ahead stare should be ahead and then take paper away and other eye should be staring ahead

Front 123

Trigeminal nerve 5

Back 123

inspect face and jaw touch with cotton ball and then corneal reflex. shine light in persons eyes the reflection should be the same on both eyes.. same place

Front 124

Abducens nerve 6

Back 124

test extraocular eye movements can be diagnostic positions test , hold card up on one eye and move 6 positions have them follow then do the other 6 positions.

Front 125

olfactory nerve 1

Back 125

smell

Front 126

facial nerve 7

Back 126

inspect symmetry of face smile frown puffed cheeks

Front 127

nerve 8 acoustic..

Back 127

whisper test and the weber and rinne test.. ac>bc 2:1

Front 128

nerve 9 glossopharygeal

Back 128

ability to taste sour and bitter gag reflex

Front 129

vagus nerve 10

Back 129

inspect uvula observe swallowing ahh

Front 130

spinal accessory 11 nerve

Back 130

shrug shoulders

Front 131

nerve 11 hypoglossal

Back 131

inspect tongue symmetry inspect tongue movement toward nose and chin

Front 132

infants at brith eyes

Back 132

good peripheral but born far sighted

Front 133

older adult sighted

Back 133

presbyopia near vision

Front 134

older adult eyes common

Back 134

cataract glaucoma macular degeneration

Front 135

child cross eyed

Back 135

strabismus

Front 136

older adults in the sclera

Back 136

pingueculae

Front 137

arcus senilis older

Back 137

gray white circle around the eye

Front 138

drusen older

Back 138

small yellow dots on the retina

Front 139

otitis media

Back 139

OM middle ear infection

Front 140

presbycusis

Back 140

older hearing problem

Front 141

TMJ palpate cranial nerve 5

Back 141

cranial nerve 5