Chapter 12 - Respiratory System

Front 1

Adenoidectomy

Front 2

Adenoid Hypertrophy

Front 3

Adenoids

Back 3

Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils.

Front 4

Alveolar

Back 4

Pertaining to an alveolus.

Front 5

Alveolus; (plural; Alveoli)

Back 5

An individualized section of an air sac in the lung.

Front 6

Anosmia

Front 7

Apex of the lung

Back 7

Tip or uppermost portion of the lung. Apex is the tip of a structure. Apical means pertaining to or located at the apex. The apex of the heart is at the bottom of the heart.

Front 8

Apical

Front 9

Apnea

Back 9

Absence of breathing.

Front 10

Asphyxia

Back 10

Deficient oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.

Front 11

Atelectasis

Back 11

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli.

Front 12

Base of the lung

Back 12

Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek basis, foundation. Basilar means located at or in the base.

Front 13

Bronchiectasis

Back 13

Caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection.

Front 14

Bronchiole

Back 14

Small bronchial tube.

Front 15

Bronchiolitis

Back 15

An Acute viral infection occurring in infants younger than 18 months of age.

Front 16

Bronchodilator

Back 16

This drug causes dilation, or enlargement, of the opening of a bronchus to improve ventilation to the lungs. An example is albuterol, delivered via an inhaler.

Front 17

Bronchopleural

Back 17

Pertaining to a bronchial tube and pleura.

Front 18

Bronchospasm

Back 18

Pathological muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to excessive narrowing of the bronchi.

Front 19

Bronchus; (plural Bronchi)

Back 19

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lungs; bronchial tube.

Front 20

Carbon Dioxide

Back 20

Gas produced by body cells when oxygen & carbon atoms form food combine; exhaled through the lungs.

Front 21

Cilia

Back 21

Thin hairs attached mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria & foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the functions of cilia.

Front 22

Cyanosis

Front 23

Diaphragm

Back 23

Muscle separating the chest & abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs & relaxes push air out.

Front 24

Dysphonia

Back 24

Abnormal voice or sound produced on speaking, such as hoarseness, etc.

Front 25

Dyspnea

Back 25

Abnormal breathing; difficulty breathing.

Front 26

Empyema

Front 27

Epiglottis

Back 27

Thin piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the voice box and windpipe when a person is swallowing.

Front 28

Epiglottitis

Back 28

Inflammation of the epiglottis..

Front 29

Expectoration

Front 30

Expiration

Back 30

Process of breathing out or exhalation.

Front 31

Glottis

Back 31

Slit-like opening to the larynx.

Front 32

Hemoptysis

Front 33

Hemothorax

Back 33

Blood in the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs.

Front 34

Hilum of the lung

Back 34

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, & nerves enter & exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to (at) the hilum.

Front 35

Hilar

Front 36

Hypercapnia

Front 37

Hyperpnea

Back 37

Increase in rate and depth of breathing.

Front 38

Hypoxia

Back 38

Deficiency of oxygen in tissues.

Front 39

Inspiration

Back 39

Breathing in (inhalation).

Front 40

Laryngeal

Back 40

Pertaining to the voice box.

Front 41

Laryngospasm

Front 42

Laryngitis

Back 42

Inflammation of the voice box.

Front 43

Larynx

Back 43

Voice box, located at the upper region of the trachea.

Front 44

Lobectomy

Back 44

Removal of a lobe or section of an organ, such as the lung.

Front 45

Mediastinoscopy

Front 46

Mediastinum

Back 46

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, & bronchial tubes.

Front 47

Nares

Back 47

Openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.

Front 48

Nasogastric Intubation

Front 49

Orthopnea

Front 50

Oxygen (O2)

Back 50

Gas that makes up 21% of the air. It passes into the bloodstream at the lungs & travels to all body cells.

Front 51

Palatine Tonsil

Back 51

One of pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth).

Front 52

Paranasal Sinus

Back 52

One of air cavities in the bones near the nose.

Front 53

Parietal Pleura

Back 53

Outer layer of the pleura laying closer to the ribs and chest wall.

Front 54

Pharyngeal

Back 54

Pertaining to the throat.

Front 55

Pharynx

Back 55

Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx.

Front 56

Phrenic Nerve

Front 57

Pleura

Back 57

Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

Front 58

Pleural Cavity

Back 58

Space between the folds of pleura.

Front 59

Pleurodynia

Back 59

Pain associated with the pleura.

Front 60

Pneumonectomy

Front 61

Pneumothorax

Front 62

Pulmonary

Back 62

Pertaining to the lungs.

Front 63

Pulmonary Parenchyma

Back 63

Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles & alveoli.

Front 64

Pyothorax

Back 64

Pus in the pleural space (cavity) surrounding the lungs.

Front 65

Respiration

Back 65

Process of moving air into & out of the lungs; breathing.

Front 66

Rhinoplasty

Back 66

Surgical repair of the nose.

Front 67

Rhinorrhea

Back 67

Discharge of mucus from the nose.

Front 68

Sinusitis

Front 69

Spirometer

Front 70

Tachypnea

Back 70

Rapid rate of breathing; may be shallow or deep breathing.

Front 71

Thoracic

Back 71

Pertaining to the chest.

Front 72

Thoracotomy

Front 73

Tonsillectomy

Back 73

Removal of tonsils.

Front 74

Trachea

Back 74

Windpipe.

Front 75

Tracheal Stenosis

Front 76

Tracheotomy

Front 77

Visceral Pleura

Back 77

Inner layer of the pleura lying closer to the lung tissue.

Front 78

Anthracosis

Back 78

Coal dust accumulates in the lungs.

Front 79

Asbestosis

Back 79

Asbestos particles accumulates in the lungs.

Front 80

Asthma

Back 80

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema & construction & increased mucus production.

Front 81

Auscultation

Back 81

Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope.

Front 82

Bacilli

Back 82

(singular: bacillus) Rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis).

Front 83

Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Front 84

Bronchiectasis

Back 84

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection.

Front 85

Bronchoscopy

Back 85

Fiberoptic endoscope examination of the bronchial tubes

Front 86

Chronic Bronchitis

Back 86

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of COPD.

Front 87

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Back 87

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes & lungs. COPD is caused by smoking, air pollution chronic infection, & in a minority of cases, asthma. Patients with predominant chronic bronchitis COPD are referred to as "blue bloaters" (cyanotic, stocky build), whereas those with predominant emphysema are called "pink puffers" (short of breath, no change in skin color, near-normal O2 levels)

Front 88

Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest

Back 88

Computer-generated series of x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross section & other planes.

Front 89

Cor Pulmonale

Back 89

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease.

Front 90

Croup

Back 90

Acute viral infection of infants & children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough & stridor.

Front 91

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 91

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

Front 92

Diphtheria

Back 92

Acute infection of the throat & upper respiratory tract caused by they diphtheria bacterium (Coynebacterium).

Front 93

Emphysema

Back 93

A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

Front 94

Endotracheal Intubation

Back 94

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, & trachea to establish an airway

Front 95

Epistaxis

Back 95

Nosebleed.

Front 96

Exudates

Back 96

Fluid, cells & other substances (pus) that filter from cells or capillaries ooze into lesions or other areas of inflammation.

Front 97

Hydrothorax

Back 97

Water or fluid that accumulates in the pleural space surrounding the lungs.

Front 98

Infiltrate

Back 98

Collection of fluid or other material in within the lung, as seen on a chest film, CT scan, or other radiologic image.

Front 99

Larngoscopy

Back 99

Visual examination of the voice box

Front 100

Lung Biopsy

Back 100

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Front 101

Lung Cancer

Back 101

Malignant tumor arising from lungs & bronchi

Front 102

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Chest

Back 102

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral (sagittal), & cross-sectional (axial) planes.

Front 103

Mediastinoscopy

Back 103

Endoscopic visual examination of the medistinum

Front 104

Mesothelioma

Back 104

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura.

Front 105

Obstructive Lung Disease

Front 106

Palliative

Back 106

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

Front 107

Paroxysmal

Back 107

Pertaining to a sudden occurrence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden.

Front 108

Percussion

Back 108

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.

Front 109

Pertussis

Back 109

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, & the trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Front 110

Pleural Effusion

Back 110

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).

Front 111

Pleural Rub

Back 111

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

Front 112

Pleurisy

Back 112

(Pleuritis) Inflammation of the pleura

Front 113

Pneumoconiosis

Back 113

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, & bronchitis.

Front 114

Pneumonia

Back 114

Acute inflammation & infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

Front 115

Pneumothorax

Back 115

Collection of air in the pleural space.

Front 116

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of the Lung

Back 116

Radioactive glucose is injected & images reveal metabolic activity in the lungs

Front 117

Pulmonary Abscess

Back 117

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Front 118

Pulmonary Edema

Back 118

Fluid in the air sacs & bronchioles.

Front 119

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Back 119

Clot or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung. Pulmonary ________ is when a clot or material from a distant vein blocks a blood vessel in the lung.

Front 120

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Back 120

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

Front 121

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)

Back 121

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide efficiently

Front 122

Pulmonary Infarction

Back 122

Area of necrosis (death of lung tissue).

Front 123

Purulent

Back 123

Containing pus.

Front 124

Rales

Back 124

(crackles) Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.

Front 125

Restrictive Lung Disease

Front 126

Rhonchi

Back 126

(singular: rhonchus) Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.

Front 127

Sarcoidosis

Back 127

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes & other organs.

Front 128

Silicosis

Back 128

Disease due to silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations.

Front 129

Sputum

Back 129

Material expelled from the chest by coughing or by clearing the throat; phlegm.

Front 130

Sputum Culture

Front 131

Stridor

Back 131

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

Front 132

Thoracentesis

Back 132

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

Front 133

Thoracotomy

Back 133

Incision of the chest.

Front 134

Thoracoscopy

Back 134

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions & use of an endoscope

Front 135

Tracheostomy

Back 135

New opening of the trachea to the outside of the body.

Front 136

Tuberculin Test

Back 136

Determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a (+) skin reaction

Front 137

Tuberculosis (TB)

Back 137

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

Front 138

Tube Thoracostomy

Back 138

A flexible, plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest

Front 139

Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan

Back 139

Detection device records radioactivity in the lung after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas (xenon).

Front 140

Wheezes

Back 140

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.

Front 141

Bronchopleural Fistula

Back 141

An abnormal connection between the bronchial tube & the pleural cavity (space). Occurring as a result of lung disease or surgical complication, this can cause an air leak into the pleural space.

Front 142

Lobe

Back 142

Division of a lung.

Front 143

Alveolar

Back 143

Pertaining to an alveolus.