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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chlamydia
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• Most common STD in US
• "silent" STD, woman may not have symptoms • sx-urethritis in men, urethritis and cervicitis in woman • major cause of female sterility • leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. • etio-bacterial infection • dx-lab tests, antigen-specific serologic • tx-antibiotics: fill course, all partners |
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Gonorrhea
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• second most common STD
• sx-purulent discharge, dysuria • often occurs with chlamydia • etio-bacterial infection • dx-lab tests, culture and gram stain • tx-antibiotics-all partners |
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Chlamydia & Gonorrhea
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• can be present in and spread from genitals, anus, oropharynx
• becoming drug resistant • can cause blindness and other complications of passed to newborn during birth • annual testing recommended if sexually active |
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trichomoniasis
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• asymptomatic
• sx-profuse greenish yellow discharge • cervix-strawberry-like appearance • etio-protozoan • dx-microscopic exam • tx-partners; with an anti-infective |
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genital herpes
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• viral infection
• etio-1 in 6 adults carry virus, skin to skin contact • dx-lab test to identify HSV-2 • tx-no cure |
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genital wars
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• cauliflower-like growths
• vagina, rectum, penis • etio-virus, human papilloma virus HPV, skin to skin contact • tx-chemical or surgical removal • women who have HPV are at greater risk of developing cervical cancer |
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syphilis
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• etio-bacterium
• dx-smear of leasion, blood test • tx-antibiotics • primary: open lesion chancre • secondary: spreads throughout body; contagious but open lesion is healed • latent: 1-40 years • tertiary: disabling; life-threatening |
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chancroid
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• =soft chancre
• etio-bacterial infection • causes necrotizing ulceration and lymphadenopathy, purulent drainage • dx-gram stain of exudate • tx-antibiotics |
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epididymitis
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• inflammation of the epididymis
• epididymis=first series of ducts that transport sperm • sx-painful scrotum • etio-gonorrhear or chlamydia • dx-urine tests, increase white blood cells • tx-antibiotics |
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orchitis
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• inflammation/infection of testis
• etio-bacterial or viral • causes atrophy, can lead to sterility • dx-lab tests to identify organism • tx-bacterial • prevention: mumps immunization and measures to avoid STD |
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torsion of the testicle
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• one testicle twisted out of its normal position
• sx-severe, sudden pain • sx-swelling, redness, tenderness; may kink blood vessels • etio-spontaneous or result of trauma • tx-surgery may be required |
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varicocele
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• veins in testicle becomes abnormally distended, swelling follows
• usually in 15-25 year olds • may affect fertility • etio-unknown, may be congenital • dx-exam • tx-relieving symptoms |
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prostatitis
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• men>than 50 years old
• sx-pain and burning with urination • etio-bacterial or nonbacterial • dx-urine tests/rectal exam • tx-penicillin |
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benign prostatic hyperlasia (BPH)
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• enlargement of prostate; nonmalignant
• men>50 years of age • sx-related to urination • etio-aging, hormonal, metabolic • dx-history and rectal exam • tx-eymptomatic, medications to relax muscles or shrink prostates and surgery |
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prostate cancer
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• 3rd leading cause of cancer death in men
• sx-similar to BPH ot prostatis • dx-rectal examination, PSA, bx • tx-based on TNM and gleason score • tx-hormonal therapy, removal, radiation, chemotherapy |
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testicular cancer
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• most common in males between ages of 20 and 35
• sx-painless lump in testicles • etio-predisposing factors, geographic • dx-exam, xrays, blood tests • tx-surgical removal, radiation and chemo |
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ovarian cyst
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• fluid-filled sacs on or near ovaries
• dx-made with ultrasound, laparoscopy • tx-drainage during laparoscopy oral contraceptives or surgical removal |
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endometriosis
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• endometrial tissue implants outside uterus
• benign, but painful and chronic • may cause: infertility, ectopic, pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion • etio-this tissue imitates endometrium • dx-exam and laparoscopy • tx-hormones, pregnancy, surgery |
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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• infection of female reproductive organs
• etio-vaginal bacterium • organism enters through vagina travels up cervix into pelvic cavity • tx-early treatment important with antibiotics • complications-scarring of tubes; peritonitis; increased risk of ectopic pregnancy |
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leiomyomas
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• smooth muscle tumor; benign
• most common tissues of female reproduction • etio-unknown, related to estrogen • dx-exam and hx, ultrasound, D&C • tx-surgical removal or hysterectomy |
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fibroids
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• benign tumor of fibrous tissue
• most common tissues of female reproduction • etio-enknown, related to estrogen • dx-exam and hx, ultrasound, D&C • tx-surgical removal or hysterectomy |
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uterine prolapse
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• downward displacement of uterus
• etio-weakened pelvic floor muscles • dx-exam • tx-strengthen muscles, lose weight, high fiber diet, pessary • surgery may be required |
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cystocele
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• downward displacement of bladder into anterior aspect of vagina
• etio-muscle weakness • dx-exam • tx-exercises, surgical repair |
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rectocele
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• protrusion of rectum into posterior aspect of vagina
• etio-muscle weakness • dx-exam • tx-exercises, surgical repair |
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Cervical cancer
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• sx-watery, bloody discharge
• sx-bleeding between menstrual periods, after intercourse or menopause • etio-HPV seen in more than 90% of cases • other risk factors: sexually active at young age multiple sex partners, smoking • dx-surgery followed by radiation, chemo |
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ovarian cancer
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• leading cause of death of female reproductive system
• dx-early diagnosis difficult, silent cancer; XA 125 positive in 80% • etio-unknown; oral contraceptives, tubual and pregnancy may reduce risk • tx-surgery to remove ovary with radiation and/or chemotherapy |
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endometrial cancer
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• sx-irregular bleeding, leukorrhea
• begins with hyperplasia, dysplasia, • most common gynecology malignancy • etio-2 types; excess estrogen, never having children, late menopause |
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ectopic pregnancy
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• fertilized ovum implants and develops outside uterus
• most common in fallopian tube • sx-severe lower abdominal pain bleeding • etio-often due to damaged fallopian tube • dx-positive hCG test, exam, endovaginal ultrasonography • tx-surgery to terminate pregnancy, stop bleeding, replace blood loss |
