Chapter 12: Psychological Disorder

Front 1

In order for a behavior to be considered abnormal, one of the four criteria of ___________, ____________, ____________, and ____________ have to be met.

Back 1

Statistical Rarity, Interference with normal function, personal distress, and Deviance from social norms.

Front 2

The criteria of normality that occurs when behavior is "away from the norm" or does not occur very often is called a ____________.

Ex: A neighbor who checks the stove 26 times to make sure it has turned off

Back 2

Statistical Rarity

Front 3

The criteria of normality that occurs when behavior is dysfunctional or interferes with a person's ability to function on a daily basis is called ______________ with normal functioning.

Ex: Having anxiety that is so bad that your can't leave your home.

Back 3

Interference with normal functioning

Front 4

The criteria of normality that occurs when one's behavior is upsetting, distracting, and confusing or personally troubling to themselves is called ________________.

Ex: A person who believes that others are "out to get" them or seeing suicide as "the only solution"

Back 4

Personal Distress

Front 5

The criteria of normality that occurs when a behavior violates accepted conventions set by social norms is called ____________ from social norms.

Ex: Some groups view body piercing as self-mutilation; others see it as valued expression of group solidarity or rebellion against conformity imposed from an outside group.

Back 5

Deviance from social norms

Front 6

The term used to describe behavior that is rare or dysfunctional, causes personal distress, or deviates social norms is the book definition of ____________.

Back 6

Abnormal

Front 7

A working definition of abnormal describes a _____________ that meets the four criteria mentioned that is culturally variable and differs for each person's view of what is abnormal.

Back 7

Continuum of Behavior

Front 8

The most frequently used system for diagnosing psychological disorders is called the ______________.

Back 8

DSM-IV-TR

Front 9

The ___________ occurs when patients are given certain labels for their psychological symptoms such as "schizophrenia" and are treated differently because of it even though certain behaviors may be normal. Rosenhan discovered this with pseudopatients who did not have symptoms, but once labeled, they could not shake their diagnoses.

Back 9

Label Issue

Front 10

__________________ is the genreal feeling of apprehension characterized by behavioral, cognitive, or phsychological symptoms.

Back 10

Anxiety

Front 11

Severe anxiety that disrupts a person's life indicated the presence of an _______________.

Back 11

Anxiety Disorder

Front 12

______________ are irrational fears of activities, objects, or situations that are out of proportion to the actual danger.

Ex: Fear of Spiders is called _______________.

Back 12

Phobia, Arachnophobia

Front 13

The most severe anxiety disorder, characterized by intense physiological arousal not related to a specific stimulus is called _____________.

Ex: Panic attacks without any real fear, I had this

Back 13

Panic Disorder

Front 14

A chronic high level of anxiety unattached to the specific stimulus such as excessively worrying about everyday problems such as school, finances, employment, and so forth is called _____________.

Back 14

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Front 15

An anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive, irrational, intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images and irresistible repetitive acts such as checking to see if doors are locked or washing hands is called ________________.

Ex: Howie Mandel

Back 15

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Front 16

_________________ is a reaction to a traumatic event or life threatening situation that is characterized by repeated re-experience of the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders of the situation, emotional numbness, and increased arousal.

Ex: An Ex-Military soldier after Iraq War may have this.

Back 16

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Front 17

The 5 examples of anxiety disorders are ___________, ___________, ____________, ____________, and _______________.

Back 17

Phobia, Panic Disorder, GAD, OCD, PTSD

Front 18

________________ are disorders involving physical (body) compliaints that do not have a know medical cause but are related to psychological factors.

Ex: Conversion Disorder is a __________________

Back 18

Somatoform Disorder

Front 19

_________________ is a somatoform disorder in which a person presents sensory or motor symtoms that do not have a medical explaination.

Ex: A patient who reports paralysis of the wrist may still be able to move the fingers, even though the finger and wrist are on the same nerve pathway. There is no medical explanation.

Back 19

Conversion Disorder

Front 20

________________ are disorders that affect a function of the mind, such as memory for events, knowledge of one's identity, or consciousness.

Back 20

Dissociative disorders

Front 21

_______________ is a dissociative disorder that involves a sudden inability to recall important personal important personal information; often occurs in reponse to trauma or extreme stress.

Ex: Pg. 498

Back 21

Dissociative amnesia

Front 22

_______________ is a dissociative disorder involving amnesia and flight from the workplace or home; may involve establishing a new identity in a new location.

Back 22

Dissociative fugue

Front 23

______________ is a dissociative disorder in which a person has two or more separate personalities, which is usually alternate.

Ex: Herschel Walker, Sybil

Back 23

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Front 24

________________ is a mood disorder characterized by sadness; a feeling of guilt; changes in sleep, appetite, and motor behavior; and sometimes thoughts of suicide.

Back 24

Depression

Front 25

______________________ is characterized by symptoms of sadness, reduced energy, and lack of interest in activities.

Back 25

Major Depressive Disorder

Front 26

_____________, _____________, and ____________ are all characteristics of major depressive disorder.

Back 26

symptoms of sadness, reduced energy, and lack of interest in activities

Front 27

Major Depression Disorder prevalence and course rates vary with __________ and _________.

Back 27

culture and sex

Front 28

The rates of suicide of people with major depression disorder vary with ________, ________, and __________.

Back 28

age, race, and sex

Front 29

_____________ is a mood disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression, which usually alternate.

Back 29

Bipolar Disorder

Front 30

Excessive activity, accelerated speech, poor judgment, elevated self-esteem, and euphoria that occur in bipolar disorder is called _____________.

Back 30

Mania

Front 31

There are several causes of ______________ which include biological explanations, the psychodynamic explanation, cognitive and behavioral explanations, and other multiple causes.

Back 31

Mood Disorder

Front 32

Mood Disorder can be explained ______________

because it has genetical influences such as prevalence in families and even concordance rates of twins. Neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and serotonin) may also play a role in mood disorders being explained _____________.

Back 32

Biologically Explanation

Front 33

The _______________ explaination of mood disorders states that early childhood experiences contriubute to later mood disturbances.

Back 33

Psychodynamic Explanation

Front 34

__________ and _________ explanation of mood disorder states that learned helplessness leads to passivity and reduced motivation. Also, the hopelessness model focuses on the way people think of themselves.

Back 34

Cognitive and Behavioral Explanation

Front 35

With all of the explanations of how mood disorders can be explained, it displays that the are ___________ for mood disorders.

Back 35

Multiple Causes

Front 36

_____________ is a psychotic disorder characterized by positive symptoms (excesses) such as delusions, hallucinations, and fluent but disorganized speech or negative symptoms (deficits) such as flat or blunted affect.

Back 36

Schizophrenia

Front 37

The symptoms of schizophrenia can be characterized by ___________ and ___________.

Back 37

Positive and Negative

Front 38

___________ symptoms of schizophrenia consists of delusions (false belief difficult to change) and hallucination (sensory experience caused by stimulation of sensory organ).

Back 38

Positive Symptoms

Front 39

______________ symptoms of schizophrenia consists of poverty of speech, flat or blunted affect, volition, and apathy.

Back 39

Negative Symptoms

Front 40

______________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia in which the speech of people with schizophrenia may be adequate in the amount yet convey little information.

Back 40

Poverty of Speech

Front 41

_____________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia that occurs when their is failure to experience any emotion.

Back 41

Flat Affect

Front 42

_____________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia

Back 42

Blunted Affect

Front 43

_____________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia that is difficulty making decisions.

Back 43

Avolition

Front 44

_____________ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia that is characterized by lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern.

Back 44

Apathy

Front 45

Schizophrenia typically occurs earlier in ________, and the onset of it can have __________ outcomes. When it comes to prognosis, _________ usually have a more clear one.

Back 45

Men, Positive, Women

Front 46

The causes of schizophrenia include ____________ (more likely to occur b/c of nature not nurture), ____________ (atrophy and larger cerebral ventricles), ______________ (high level of dopamine), and ____________ (external forces like standard of living). Also, there are __________ in general that could result in a schizoprenia diagnosis.

C. Causes of schizophrenia 1. Genetic factors 2. Brain abnormalities 3. Neurotransmitters 4. Environmental causes 5. Multiple causes

Back 46

Genetic Factors, Brain Abnormalities, Neurotransmitter, Environmental Causes, Multiple Causes.

Front 47

Disorders characterized by long-standing, difficult-to-treat, dysfunctional behaviors that are typically first observed in adolescence is called ____________.

Back 47

Personality Disorder

Front 48

_______________ is a personality disorder characterized by deceitful, impulsive, reckless actions that violates social norms and for which the individual feels no remorse.

Back 48

Antisocial Personality Disorder