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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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characteristics, emotional responses, thoughts, and behaviors that are relatively stable over time and across circumstances
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personality
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a characteristic; a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances
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personality trait
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fruedian theory that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives, influence behavior
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psychodynamic theory
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according to frued, the developmental stages that correspond to the pursuit of satisfaction of libidinal urges
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psychosexual stages
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in psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle
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id
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in psychodynamic theory, the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct
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superego
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in psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego
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ego
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unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from conflict and distress
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defense mechanisms
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approaches to studying personality that emphasize personal experience and belief systems, and propose the people seek personal growth to fulfuill thei human potential
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humanistic approaches
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discrete categories based on global characteristics
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personality types
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an approach to studying personality that focuses on the extent to which individuals differ in personality dispositions
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trait approach
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the idea that personality can be described using five traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
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five-factor theory
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5 traits of 5 factor theory
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openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
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Person-centered approaches to studying personality that focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons
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idiographic approaches
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approaches to studying personality that focus on characteristics that are common to all people, although there is individual variation
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nomothetic approaches
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personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli
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projective measures
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a projective measure of personality where a person is shown an ambiguous picture and asked to tell a story about the picture
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TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
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relatively unbiased assessments of personality, usually based on information gathered through self-report questionairres or observer ratings
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objective measures
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the theory that behavior is determined as much by situations as by personality traits
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situationism
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biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways
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temperments
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the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards
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BAS (Behavioral approach system)
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the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain
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BIS (behavioral inhibition system)
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a transformation of personality that is sudden, profound, and enduring, and effects a wide range of behaviors
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quantum change
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defense mechanism: project your problems onto others
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projection
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defense mechanism: turn unacceptable impulses into acceptable impulses (sibling rivalry to sibling love)
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reaction formation
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defense mechanism: unacceptable impulses hidden (sexual woman becomes nun)
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sublimination
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defense mechanism: rationalize behavior to reduce anxiety
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rationalization
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defense mechanism: experience negative mood over something you have no control over so displace your anger onto something you do have control over
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displacement
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defense mechanism: anxiety invoking thoughts are repressed into the unconscious
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repression
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defense mechanism: refuses to recognize reality
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denial
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defense mechanisms (7)
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repression, denial, sublimination, reaction formation, displacement, projection, rationalization
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theorists who believe that behavior is jointly determined by underlying dispositions and situations
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interactionists
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