Chapter 12 Motivation And Work

Front 1

motivation

Back 1

need/desire that energizes behavior and directs towards goals

Front 2

primary drives

Back 2

innate drives like hunger thirst sex

Front 3

secondary drives

Back 3

acquired learned drives, through conditioning like money

Front 4

instinct

Back 4

complex behavior rigidly patterned thorughout a species; unlearned behavior

Front 5

drive-reduction theory

Back 5

idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tensioned state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need

Front 6

arousal theory

Back 6

some motivated behaviors increase arousal, not eliminate

Front 7

galvanic skin response

Back 7

electrical conductivity of the skin fluctuates through the arousal/increased/varying emotions

Front 8

homeostasis

Back 8

tendency of an organism to maintain a balanced/constant/stable internal state

Front 9

incentive

Back 9

positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior

Front 10

hierarchy of needs

Back 10

pyramid of human needs- psychological needs -> safety -> psychological needs

Front 11

abraham maslow

Back 11

psychologist responsible for the hierarchy of needs

Front 12

glucose

Back 12

form of sugar that circulates in blood; provides a major source of energy for body tissues

Front 13

leptin

Back 13

hunger dampening chemical secreted by fat cells

Front 14

PPY

Back 14

digestive hormone that suppresses appetite, secreted by intestines

Front 15

Ghrelin

Back 15

hunger arousing hormone secreted by empty stomach

Front 16

orexin

Back 16

hormones of the lateral hypothalamus that scream hunger

Front 17

insulin

Back 17

hormone secreted by the pancreas, regulate glucose

Front 18

set point

Back 18

point and which an individuals weight thermostat is supposedly set; weight restores to this point

Front 19

basal metabolic rate

Back 19

rate of energy expenditure in the resting body

Front 20

hypothalamus

Back 20

regulation and control of hunger in the brain

Front 21

lateral hypothalamus

Back 21

specific area in brain that delineates hunger

Front 22

ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

Back 22

specific area of brain that depresses hunger

Front 23

anorexia nervosa

Back 23

eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight (15% or more); but continues to starve

Front 24

bulimia nervosa

Back 24

episodes of overeating, using high calories, followed by vomiting laxative use or excessive exercise

Front 25

sexual response cycle

Back 25

4 stages of sexual responding described by masers and johnson (arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution)

Front 26

alfred kinsley

Back 26

conducted first studies of sexual behavior in the united states

Front 27

masters and johnson

Back 27

two psychologists developing sexual response cycle

Front 28

refractory period

Back 28

resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Front 29

simon levay

Back 29

studied parts of the hypothalamus- enlarged in homosexuals

Front 30

sexual disorders

Back 30

problem consistently impairs sexual arousal/function ie. prenatal ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, orgasmic disorder

Front 31

estrogen

Back 31

primary sex hormone in females

Front 32

testosterone

Back 32

primary sex hormone in males

Front 33

sexual orientation

Back 33

enduring sexual attraction towards members of either ones own sex or opposite sex

Front 34

flow

Back 34

involved focused state of consciousness without the knowledge of time; optimum engagement

Front 35

industrial-organization psych

Back 35

study of the machine/human interaction, efficiency in the workplace

Front 36

achievement motivation

Back 36

desire for significant accomplishments

Front 37

four perspectives on motivation

Back 37

perspectives: 1. drive reduction theory 2. instinct theory 3. arousal theory 4. hierarchy of motives

Front 38

over-justification effect

Back 38

external reward incentive shifts to internal; the desired behavior falls off because responding does not seem worthwhile

Front 39

approach-approach conflict

Back 39

indecision where an individual is confront between two equally desirable alternatives

Front 40

approach-avoidance conflict

Back 40

situation of indecision when confronted with an object that has both desirable and undesirable qualities

Front 41

avoidance-avoidance conflict

Back 41

situation of indecision faced with two undesirable alternatives

Front 42

approach-avoidance conflict

Back 42

situation of indecision where two or more options have multiple pros and cons

Front 43

david mcclelland

Back 43

psychologist associated with achievement motivation

Front 44

yerks dodson law

Back 44

on tasks of moderate difficulty, increasing the levels of arousal will increase performance up to a point. however, too much arousal- detrimental effect on behavior