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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmaceutical phase |
-Initial phase -Drug entry into the body through routes by a variety of drug formulations |
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Pharmacokinetic phase |
-drug distribution, storage, absorption, metabolism and excretion The study of the movement of drugs between different compartments |
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Pharmacodynamic phase |
-Drug interaction at pharmacologic sites of action, such as membrane receptors Study of biochemical and physiologic mechanisms of drug action |
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Define Drug |
Substances capable of changing a living system Beneficial traits are therapeutic effects Detrimental effects are toxic effects |
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Define Pharmacology |
Study of various interactions between drugs and the body |
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Define Pharmacy |
Deals with the formulation, dispensing, and legal aspects of drugs
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Pharmocotherapeutics VS Chemotherapeutics VS Toxicology |
Use of drugs to treat pathophysiologic conditions vs Anti-cancer drugs and antimicrobials that treat causes rather and symptoms vs Detrimental effects are toxic effects |
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Plant source + Drug |
Purple Foxglove Digitalis parent compound Use: Inc force of heart contractions Opium poppy Morphine plus other opiates Use: Relief of severe pain |
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Animal Source + Drug |
Bovine thyroid gland Thyroxin Use: Thyroid hormone deficiencies Porcine pancreas gland Natural-source insulin Use: Diabetes mellitus |
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Microorganism Source + Drug |
Molds Penicillium spp. Penicillin Various microbial infections Bacteria: Streptomyces spp. Streptomycin Various microbial infections |
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Mineral Source + Drug |
Mineral Iron Various anemias |
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Synthetic Source + Drug |
Artificially produced through chemical synthesis Albuterol/Salbutamol Treatment of bronchoconstriction |
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Bioengineered Source + Drug |
Recombinant DNA Recombinant-source insulin Diabetes mellitus |
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Chemical name |
Describes the drugs chemical components and molecular structure International standard is used |
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Experimental name |
Drug Code Number The initials identify the pharmaceutical company developing the drug Eventually replaced once generic name is approved |
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Generic Name |
Also known as nonproprietary name Shorter and easier to pronounce They are not registered so anyone can use them |
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Trade name |
Legally registered drug name
"brand name" "trademark" Property of the drug company |
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Classification of drugs: 1. Body System 2. Therapeutic Indication 3. Pharmacologic Activity |
1. Produce primary effects on a particular body system (ex. cardiovascular drugs, pulmonary drugs, gastrointestinal drugs) 2. Achieve the same therapeutic goal (ex. antiasthmatic to treat asthma, antihypertensives to treat hypertension, antidepressants to treat depression) 3. Have the same pharmacologic mechanism of action |
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Concept of prototype drug |
A drug for which long-term, reliable clinical data is available. |
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2 drug reference sources and the kind of info obtained |
Pharmacology textbooks Medical and dental journals Product Monographs Drug compendia Electronic Databases |
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Oral dose form |
Tablets Capsules Liquids |
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Injectable dose form |
Various injectable solutions and suspensions are formulated. Intravenous injection : drug must be water soluble |
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aerosol/micronized powder dose form |
Liquids that are suspended with a delivery gas that is under pressure Self-administered pressurized metered-dose inhaler Dry powder inhalers are used to deliver micronized powders of many pulmonary drugs
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suppositories dose form |
Rectal suppository form ideal for patients who are nauseous, unconscious, or unable to swallow oral medication. |
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sublingual form |
Sublingual tablets (nitroglycerin) and buccal forms (nicotine) are formulated to enter the bloodstream via the rich network of blood vessels in the oral mucosa |
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miscellaneous form |
Powders, plus sprays (topical anesthetics) for application to the skin or mucosal lining. Drops for eyes, ears, or nose. |
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Enteral route |
Oral route with an ingested drug introduced into the digestive system |
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Parenteral |
Drugs introduced beyond or outside the intestine are administered through the parenteral route Injection route (IV,IM, subcutaneous) |
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Topical |
Application of a drug directly to a mucous membrane of the skin surface. Not many due to solubility limitations and irritation of tissues. |
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Inhalation route |
aerosols or fine powders Delivery high concentrations of drug directly to the respiratory mucous, local therapeutic effects are optimized while systemic side effects are minimized only route that also serves as a route of elimination |
