Chapter 12 - Mastering Healthcare Terminology - Nervous System

Front 1

interneurons

Back 1

connect sensory neurons with motor neurons. exist only in the central nervous system (CNS)

Front 2

How many pairs of nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Back 2

12

Front 3

Number of spinal nerves in the PNS

Back 3

31 spinal nerves (12 cranial nerves)

Front 4

afferent

Back 4

sensory, carrying impulses to the brain and spinal cord

Front 5

efferent

Back 5

motor, carrying impulses from the brain and spinal cord to either voluntary or involuntary muscles

Front 6

two subsystems of PNS

Back 6

somatic system (voluntary) and autonomic system (mostly involuntary)

Front 7

sympathetic

Back 7

ANS, involuntary, fight/flight

Front 8

parasympathetic

Back 8

involuntary, ANS, rest/digest

Front 9

neurons

Back 9

parenchymal cells that carry out the work of the system

Front 10

glia cells

Back 10

stromal cells, the cells that provide a supportive function

Front 11

Neurons vary, but all have these features

Back 11

Dendrites, Axons, Terminal fibers

Front 12

dendrites

Back 12

projections from cell body, receive neural impulses, also called action potentials, from stimulus

Front 13

axons

Back 13

from cell body, impulse moves out along axon on slender elongated projection that carries the nervous impulse to the next neuron, terminal fibers result from the final branching of the axon and the site of axon terminals that store the chemical neurotransmitters.

Front 14

myelin

Back 14

sheath that covers axons outside the CNS, which is substance produced by Schwann cells that coat the axons.

Front 15

Glia

Back 15

supportive, stromal, cells are also called neuroglia. physically hold neurons together and protect them.

Front 16

Astrocytes

Back 16

connect neurons and blood vessels and form a structure called the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Front 17

Four parts of brain

Back 17

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem

Front 18

Cerebrum

Back 18

largest portion of brain. divided into two hemispheres - responsible for thinking, reasoning, and memory.

Front 19

cerebral cortex

Back 19

gray matter that covers surfaces of the hemispheres of the cerebrum. Arranged into folds, valleys are sulci, ridges are gyri, further divided into lobes

Front 20

frontal lobe

Back 20

functions of speech and motor area that controls voluntary movement on the contralateral side of the body

Front 21

temporal lobe

Back 21

auditory and olfactory areas

Front 22

parietal lobe

Back 22

sensations of touch and taste

Front 23

occipital lobe

Back 23

vision

Front 24

cerebellum

Back 24

coordinates voluntary movement but is involuntary in its function. For example, walking is voluntary, but coordination is involuntary and controlled by the cerebellum

Front 25

diencephalon

Back 25

composed of thalamus and hypothalamus, inferior to the thalamus.

Front 26

diencephalon

Back 26

composed of thalamus and hypothalamus, inferior to the thalamus.

Front 27

thalamus

Back 27

relays sensory info (except smell) and translates it into sensations of pain, temperature, and touch.

Front 28

hypothalamus

Back 28

activates, integrates, and controls the peripheral autonomic nervous system, along with many functions, such as body temp, sleep and appetite.

Front 29

hypothalamus

Back 29

activates, integrates, and controls the peripheral autonomic nervous system, along with many functions, such as body temp, sleep and appetite.

Front 30

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Back 30

present in the subarachnoid space between arachnoid membrane and pia matter

Front 31

pia mater

Back 31

one of the meninges, it is the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord

Front 32

dura mater

Back 32

outermost of the three layers of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Front 33

Arachnoid mater

Back 33

the middle of the three meninges that enclose the brain and spinal cord and lies between inside pia mater and outside dura mater

Front 34

Brainstem

Back 34

connects cerebral hemispheres to spinal cord. Three parts: midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 35

midbrain

Back 35

connects pons and cerebellum with hemispheres of cerebrum

Front 36

subdural

Back 36

Below the dura mater, the outermost, toughest and most fibrous of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord

Front 37

spinal cord

Back 37

extends from medulla oblongata to the first lumbar vertebra. It then extends into a structure called the cauda equina

Front 38

plexus

Back 38

a network of several spinal nerves