Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who was the man that proposed the concept of the self that is widely accepted today?
|
William James
|
|
What are the two selves called?
|
I-self, Me-self
|
|
Define 'I-self'
|
It's a subjective entity that constructs and seeks to know the other self.
|
|
Define 'me-self'
|
What can be objectively known about the self. Also called the self-concept.
|
|
Define 'self-concept'
|
a total picture of our abilities and traits
|
|
What age do children develop self-concept?
|
Age 2, as toddlers
|
|
What are the three parts the Me-self is divided into?
|
material self, social self, and spiritual self
|
|
Define 'material self'
|
physical attributes, possessions
|
|
Define 'social self'
|
self seen by others
|
|
Define 'spiritual self'
|
highest level, consists of thoughts, values, dispositions
|
|
What self emerges from birth to 15 months?
|
I-self
|
|
Define 'self-efficacy'
|
a sense of capability to master challenges and achieve goals
|
|
What self emerges between 15-30 months?
|
Me-self
|
|
By 20-24 months toddlers begin to use this form of language..
|
first-person pronouns
|
|
Three year old children describe themselves in these terms..
|
global terms based on external qualities rather than psychological qualities.
|
|
Define 'self-esteem'
|
Refers to the value we attac to the mental pictures of ourselves.
|
|
At what age do children become critical about themselves?
|
Age 8
|
|
Research suggests that ____ have higher self-esteem than ____.
|
Boys- girls
|
|
What are the two self concepts developed by William James?
|
Core or baseline, barometric self image
|
|
Define 'core or baseline'
|
self image that remains fairly consistent
|
|
Define 'barometric self image'
|
varies in different situations
|
|
This psychosocial stage of development occurs in the middle childhood age-
|
industry v. inferiority
|
|
Harter's self-perception profile for children (SPPC)stated..
|
self-esteem is influenced mostly by physical appearance and social acceptance among others.
|
|
Define 'gender identity'
|
the understanding and acceptance that one is a male or female.
|
|
Being less vulnerable, developing faster, less reactive to stress, and more likely to survive infancy are all characteristics of...
|
a female
|
|
Having better visual-spatial skills, mathematics skills, being physically aggressive are all characteristics of..
|
a male
|
|
Define 'gender roles'
|
The behaviors, interests, attitudes, skills, and personality traits that a culture considers appropirate for males or females.
|
|
Define 'gender-typing'
|
the process by which children learn and acquire a gender role, takes place early in childhood, but varies.
|
|
Define 'gender stereotypes'
|
Preconceived generalizations about male or female behavior or the belief people share about the typical characteristics of males and females.
|
|
What are the four perspectives on gender development?
|
Biological, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and socialization
|
|
This theory focuses on specific physiological or biochemical processes that affect gender development-
|
biological theory
|
|
The development of gender identity is the result of identification (Freudian theory- a young child adopts characteristics, beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviors of the parents of the same sex.)
|
psychoanalytic approach
|
|
This theory states the awareness that one will always be male or female.
|
cognitive approach
|
|
Gender consistency occurs in how many stages?
|
3 stages
|
|
Name the three stages and their importance.
|
1st- awareness of own gender
2nd- realization of maturity 3rd- realization of remaining the sex born as |
|
Define 'gender schema' proposed by Sandra Bem
|
Children socialize themselves in their gender roles by developing a mentally organized network of information.
|
|
What are gender-typed play preferences?
|
age 3-4 children play with toys that reinforce their gender/sex
|
|
What is Bandura's social cognitive theory?
|
Children learn gender roles through socialization.
|