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13 Cards in this Set

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batholith
largest intrusive igneous rock body that forms when magma being forced upward toward Earth's crust cools slowly and solidifies underground
caldera
large, circular-shaped openings formed when the top of a volcano collapses
cinder cone volcano
steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground
composite volcano
volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other
crater
steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent
dike
igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into a vertical crack that cuts across rock layers and hardens underground
hot spot
the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust
shield volcano
broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava
sill
igneous rock feature formed when magma is squeezed into a horizontal crack between layers of rock and hardens underground
tephra
bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcano eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks
vent
opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano
volcanic vent
solid igneous core of a volcano left behind after the softer cone has been eroded
volcano
opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries where plates move apart or together, at hot spots