Chapter 12 - Intracellular Compartments And Protein Sorting

Front 1

advantages of memebrane

Back 1

-increased area to host biochemical reactions
-enclose compartments from the cytosol
-most things impermeable therefore transport mechanism needed

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

cytosol and cytosolic organelles

Front 3

cytosol

Back 3

site of protein synthesis and degradation

Front 4

four distinct organelle families

Back 4

-nucleus and cytosol
-secretory and endocytic pathways
-mitochondria
-plastids (plants only)

Front 5

sorting signal

Back 5

short amino acid sequence the directs delivery to locations outside cytosol

lacking sorting signal remains in cytosol

Front 6

three ways proteins move from compartments

Back 6

-gated transport, selective gates
-transmembrane transport, protein translocators through topologically distinct
-vesicular transport, can move only proteins between topo. equivalent due to not crossing membrane and only moving through compartments

Front 7

sorting receptors

Back 7

recognize complimentory sorting signals, guide proteins to their correct destination and return to origin to be reused

Front 8

signal sequences

Back 8

specific stretch of amino acids that serve as sorting signals, normally found on N terminus

or can be internal and thus remain part of protein

specifies specific destination within the cell

Front 9

signal peptidases

Back 9

remove signal sequence from the finished protein once the sorting process is complete

Front 10

signal patch

Back 10

signal sequence created by the internal amino acids creating a three dimensional signal