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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bacterial transformation? |
The transferring of genetic information through DNA. |
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What is the role of bacteriophages in identifying genetic material? |
The bacteriophage was the bacteria-infecting virus in the Hershey-Chase experiment which convinced many scientists that DNA is the genetic material found in genes of all living cells. |
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What is the role of DNA in heredity? |
It stores, copies, and transmits information in a cell. |
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What are the chemical components of DNA? |
DNA is a nucleic acid, which is made of of nucleotides joined by covalent bonds into long strands. |
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Base pairing/Chargaff's rule |
The percentage of A and T are equal, as well as G and C. |
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DNA replication |
DNA molecule separates into two strands and then produces 2 new complementary strands (following base pairing). Occurs during the S phase (late interphase) |
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What is the result of DNA replication? |
2 DNA molecules which are identical to each other and the original molecule. |
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DNA replication in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes |
prokaryotes: have 1 DNA in the cytoplasm Eukaryotes: 1000 DNA in chromosomes of the nucleus Prokaryotes: replication begins at a single point and goes in 2 directions until the whole (single) chromosome is copied Eukaryotes: Begins at dozens/hundreds of places and goes in both directions until all chromosomes are copied |
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DNA polymerase |
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins nucleotides to make new strands of DNA |
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Telomere |
The tip of eukaryotic chormosomes |
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Telomerase |
Adds repeated DNA sequences to telomeres while chromosomes are being replicated to prevent gene loss and damage |
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What stores information in the cell? |
DNA |
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What happens if a piece of DNA is missing? |
Genetic information is lost |
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Where in the cells of eukaryotes, is DNA located? |
nucleus |
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During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases... |
GATCCA |
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The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together come from |
weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases |
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DNA Replication results in two DNA molecules, each with... |
one new strand and one original strand |
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What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place? |
S phase |
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Purine |
Double ring nucleotides |
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Pyrimidines |
single ring nucleotides |
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phosprodiester bond |
bonds the deoxyribose to the phosbate within a nucleotide |
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anti- parallel strands |
go in opposite directions |
