Chapter 12 Bio(Bella)

Front 1

What does the central nervous system compose of?

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Hint 1

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5:19

Front 2

What does the peripheral nervous system compose of?

Back 2

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Hint 2

slide 3
5:19

Front 3

What is the function of spinal cord?

Back 3

relay information in and out of brain and reflex center

Hint 3

slide 3
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Front 4

The nervous system is composed of two sections. what are they?

Back 4

central and peripheral nervous system

Hint 4

slide 3
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Front 5

Peripheral nervous system is divided into 2 division. What are they and what do they do?

Back 5

1. motor (efferent)
-direction of fibers goes out
2. sensory (afferent)
-direction of fibers goes in

Hint 5

slide 3
5:19

Front 6

The motor division of peripheral nervous system has 2 subdivision. What are they and what are their functions?

Back 6

1. somatic (voluntary)
-consciously able to control what you want to do
2. autonomic (involuntary)
-does not need to worry about breathing or digestion
-

Hint 6

slide 3
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Front 7

Autonomic subdivision has 2 subdivision. What are they?

Back 7

1. sympathetic
-mobilize body systems during emergency situations
2. parasympathetic
-conserve energy

Hint 7

slide 3
5:19

Front 8

What is the function of peripheral nervous system?

Back 8

communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body

Hint 8

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Front 9

What is the function of central nervous system?

Back 9

integrative and control centers

Hint 9

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Front 10

what are the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

Back 10

1. astrocytes
2. microglia
3. ependymal
4. oligodendrocytes

Hint 10

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11:38

Front 11

what is astrocytes cell of CNS?

Back 11

-"star" cells
-regulate environment for neurons to function
-store sugars
-part of blood brain barrier
-have projections to nerve cell body, axon and capillaries

Hint 11

slide 4
11:38

Front 12

What is microglia cell in CNS?

Back 12

-immunity
-aid cell body to function

Hint 12

slide 4
11:38

Front 13

What is ependymal cells in CNS?

Back 13

-specialized epithelial cell
-maintain blood brain barrier
-create cerebral spinal fluid
-tight junctions
-maintain environment for brain and spinal cord

Hint 13

slide 4
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Front 14

What is the oligodendrocytes cell in CNS?

Back 14

-many branches
-responsible for myelinated axons

Hint 14

slide 4
11:38

Front 15

What is the neuroglia of PNS?

Back 15

1. Satellite Cells
-surround the cell body
2. Schwann Cells
-wrap the whole cell around the axons -meylinate axons on the PNS

Hint 15

slide 4
11:38

Front 16

In fetal development, what cell is responsible for the axons to go from your spinal cord down to your toes?

Back 16

Schwann cell

Hint 16

slide 4
11:38

Front 17

what does the structure of a neuron consist of?

Back 17

1. cell body (soma)
-mitochondria, nucleus, golgi etc.
2. dendrites
-receptive areas (receiving messages)
3. axons
-conduct impulse away from soma or dendrites
4. Axon hillock
-Action Potential is initiated
5. Axon collateral
-branch off of axons
6. terminal branch
-synapse
7. Axon transmitters
-release neurotransmitters

Hint 17

slide 5
19:11

Front 18

What is the comparison of myelinated vs. unmyelinated?

Back 18

1. myelinated conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated
2. schwann cells myelinate in PNS
3. Oligodendrocytes myelinate in CNS

Hint 18

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23:35

Front 19

What is the continuous unmyelinated fiber vs. saltatory myelinated fiber conduction?

Back 19

Saltatory myelinated fiber conducts impulses quicker and continuous because it only need to polarize just that region

Hint 19

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/actionp.swf

Front 20

What are the structural classification of neurons?

Back 20

1. multipolar
-motor (efferent) neurons
2. bipolar
-1 axon, 1 dendrites
-in nose or eyes
3. pseudounipolar
-2 axon projection but only come in at one point. (axon coming in, axon going out)

Hint 20

slide 7
28:13

Front 21

What are the functional classification of neurons?

Back 21

1. Afferent
-sense coming in
2. Efferent
-motor
-multipolar
-sense going out
3. interneurons
-multipolar
-job is to integrate (brain of spinal cord)

Hint 21

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31:09

Front 22

What is transmembrane potential of a cell?

Back 22

-what is happening at resting potential
-differential in ion distribution

Hint 22

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Front 23

What is graded potential?

Back 23

-produced at synaptic activity
-doesn't mean it's at Action potential

Hint 23

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Front 24

What is Action potential?

Back 24

-have to get to threshold to fire action potential
-produced when graded potential is large enough

Hint 24

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Front 25

what happens at transmembrane potential?

Back 25

1. differential in ion distribution
-ExtraCellularFluid = high Na+ IntraCellularFluid = high K+
2. Membrane NOT freely permeable
3. Electrochemical gradient

Hint 25

slide 10
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Front 26

What is electrochemical gradient?

Back 26

sum of chemical and electrical forces acting on a specific ion
-electrical gradient=negative inside, positive outside
-chemical gradient = Na+ high outside, K+ high inside

Hint 26

slide 10
36:51

Front 27

What are the different types of ion channels?

Back 27

1. gated channels
-voltage or chemical can open it
-activated (opening)
-inactivated (activation gate shut off)
2. ligand
3. voltage
4. mechanically-gated
-opens to pressure, temperature

Hint 27

slide 11
45:50

Front 28

what does a flow of ion create in the ion channels?

Back 28

electrical current

Hint 28

slide 11
45:50