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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genome
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Complete set of genetic material in an organism
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Why can DNA fit into the nucleus?
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Because it wraps around histones and then a helical
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What was the Human Genome Project?
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A government funded project to determine the sequence of nucleotides in humans
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Why do we want to know the sequence of nucleotides?
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To determine the functions of resulting polypeptides
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What is down syndrome?
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An accident in meiosis(usually 1) in which 3 chromosomes are found
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What is nondisjunction?
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When homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to seperate during meiosis
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What effects the chances of having a baby with down syndrome?
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A woman's age
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What do genetic disorders involve?
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Changes in the makeup of one or more pairs of gene alleles
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What is a frame shift?
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The same as insertion/deletion
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Why is trisomy 21 the most common?
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Because the baby is able to survive; however, it has down syndrome
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What are the four types of damaged chromosomes?
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Duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation
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What is duplication?
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When part of a chromosome is repeated
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What is deletion?
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Occurs when part of a chromosome is lost
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What is inversion?
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Reversal of segments of a chromosome
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What is translocation?
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When a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a homologous chromosome
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What is another name for jumping genes?
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Transposons
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What is the difference between growth factors and tumor-suppressor genes?
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Growth factors initiate cell division; tumor suppressor genes stop it
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What is an oncogene?
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A cancer causing cell
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What do carcinogens do?
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Cause cancer
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