Chapter 12

Front 1

arthr

Back 1

joint

Front 2

arthritis

Back 2

Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling & stiffness

Front 3

arthroplasty

Back 3

surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

Front 4

articulate

Back 4

site of contact between 2 bones; joint

Front 5

contraction

Back 5

shortening or tightening of a muscle

Front 6

musculoskeletal

Back 6

pertaining to the muscles & the skeleton

Front 7

radi/o

Back 7

radiation, x-ray; radius

Front 8

-graphy

Back 8

process of recording

Front 9

radiography

Back 9

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

Front 10

synovial fluid

Back 10

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

Front 11

musculoskeletal system

Back 11

associated w/medical specialties of orthopedics & chiropractic medicine

Front 12

orthopedics

Back 12

branch of medicine concerned w/prevention, diagnosis, care & treatment of musculoskeletal disorders; disorders include injury or disease to bones, joints, ligaments, muscles & tendons.

Front 13

orthopedists

Back 13

employ medical, physical & surgical methods, such as hip arthroplasty, to restore function that is lost as a result of injury or disease

Front 14

rheumatologist

Back 14

medical doctor that specializes in treatment of arthritis & other diseases of joints, muscles & bones

Front 15

Chiropractor

Back 15

Not physicians, do not employ drugs or surgery; do employ radiography to diagnose pathological disorders & determine most effective type of treatment

Front 16

Chiropractic Medicine

Back 16

system of therapy based on theory that disease is caused by pressure on nerves; physical manipulation of the spinal column

Front 17

contraction

Back 17

how muscles help maintain body posture

Front 18

joint

Back 18

where 2 bones articulate

Front 19

Synovial fluid

Back 19

lubricates joints to minimize friction upon motion

Front 20

maxill/o

Back 20

maxilla

Front 21

humer/o

Back 21

humerus

Front 22

stern/o

Back 22

sternum

Front 23

cost/o

Back 23

ribs

Front 24

radi/o

Back 24

radius

Front 25

uln/o

Back 25

ulna

Front 26

carp/o

Back 26

carpals

Front 27

metacarp/o

Back 27

metacarpals

Front 28

phalang/o

Back 28

phalanges

Front 29

tibi/o

Back 29

tibia

Front 30

fibul/o

Back 30

fibula

Front 31

metatars/o

Back 31

metatarsals

Front 32

tars/o

Back 32

tarsals

Front 33

patell/o

Back 33

patella

Front 34

femor/o

Back 34

femur

Front 35

ischi/o

Back 35

ischium

Front 36

pub/o

Back 36

pubis

Front 37

ili/o

Back 37

ilium

Front 38

pelv/o, pelv/i

Back 38

pelvic

Front 39

vertebr/o

Back 39

vertebra

Front 40

scapul/o

Back 40

scapula

Front 41

calvicul/o

Back 41

clavicle

Front 42

fasci/o

Back 42

band, fascia

Front 43

fascia

Back 43

fibrous membrane supporting & separating muscles

Front 44

fascioplasty

Back 44

surgical repair of fascia

Front 45

firb/o

Back 45

fiber, fibrous tissue

Front 46

leiomy/o

Back 46

smooth muscle (visceral)

Front 47

lumb/o

Back 47

loins (lower back)

Front 48

muscul/o

Back 48

muscle

Front 49

my/o

Back 49

muscle

Front 50

-rrhexis

Back 50

rupture

Front 51

ten/o

Back 51

tendon

Front 52

tend/o

Back 52

tendon

Front 53

tendin/o

Back 53

tendon

Front 54

carp/o

Back 54

carpus (wrist bones)

Front 55

-ptosis

Back 55

prolapse, downward displacement

Front 56

cervic/o

Back 56

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

Front 57

crani/o

Back 57

cranium (skull)

Front 58

humer/o

Back 58

humerus (upper arm bone)

Front 59

metacarp/o

Back 59

metacarpus (hand bones)

Front 60

phalang/o

Back 60

phalanges (bones of fingers & toes)

Front 61

spondyl/o

Back 61

vertebra (backbone); used to form words about the condition of the structure

Front 62

vertebr/o

Back 62

vertebra (backbone); used to form words that describe the structure

Front 63

stern/o

Back 63

sternum (breastbone)

Front 64

calcane/o

Back 64

calcaneum (heel bone)

Front 65

femor/o

Back 65

femur (thigh bone)

Front 66

fibul/o

Back 66

fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

Front 67

patell/o

Back 67

patella (kneecap)

Front 68

pelv/i

Back 68

pelvis

Front 69

-metry

Back 69

act of measuring

Front 70

pelv/o

Back 70

pelvis

Front 71

radi/o

Back 71

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bones, thumb side)

Front 72

-graph

Back 72

instrument for recording

Front 73

tibi/o

Back 73

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

Front 74

ankyl/o

Back 74

stiffness; bent, crooked

Front 75

arthr/o

Back 75

joint

Front 76

-desis

Back 76

binding, fixation (of bone or joint)

Front 77

chondr/o

Back 77

cartilage

Front 78

lamin/o

Back 78

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

Front 79

myel/o

Back 79

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 80

orth/o

Back 80

straight

Front 81

ped

Back 81

foot; child

Front 82

oste/o

Back 82

bone

Front 83

-porosis

Back 83

porous

Front 84

-ics

Back 84

pertaining to

Front 85

-cele

Back 85

hernia, swelling

Front 86

-clasia

Back 86

to break; surgical fracture

Front 87

-clast

Back 87

to break

Front 88

-plegia

Back 88

paralysis

Front 89

-sarcoma

Back 89

malignant tumor of connective tissue

Front 90

dia-

Back 90

through, across

Front 91

-physis

Back 91

growth

Front 92

peri-

Back 92

around

Front 93

MD

Back 93

Muscular Dystrophy

Front 94

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 94

group of hereditary disease characterized by progressive degeneration of muscles, leading to increasing weakness & debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

Front 95

-trophy

Back 95

development, nourishment

Front 96

MG

Back 96

myasthenia gravis

Front 97

myasthenia gravis

Back 97

Autoimmune neuromusuclar disorder characterized by progressive fatigue & severe muscle weakness, particularly evident w/facial muscles & ptosis of the eyelids

Front 98

rotator cuff injury

Back 98

Injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles & tendons; musculotendinous rotator cuff injury

Front 99

sprain

Back 99

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain & disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when foot is twisted outward

Front 100

strain

Back 100

Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

Front 101

tendinitis

Back 101

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; tendonitis

Front 102

torticollis

Back 102

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness & twisting of the neck; wryneck

Front 103

arthritis

Back 103

inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, & changes in structure

Front 104

gouty

Back 104

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; gout

Front 105

osteoarthritis

Back 105

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) & destruction of articular cartilage

Front 106

osteophytes

Back 106

bone spurs

Front 107

RA

Back 107

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 108

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 108

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities & immobility

Front 109

bunion

Back 109

Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargment of the joint at the base of the great toe

Front 110

CTS

Back 110

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 111

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 111

Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

Front 112

carpal tunnel

Back 112

wrist canal through which the flexor tendons & median nerve pass

Front 113

contracture

Back 113

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Front 114

crepitation

Back 114

Grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Front 115

Ewing sarcoma

Back 115

Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

Front 116

Fx

Back 116

fracture

Front 117

Fracture

Back 117

any break in a bone

Front 118

ganglion cyst

Back 118

noncancerous, jelly-like fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet

Front 119

herniated disk

Back 119

Herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulosus between 2 vertebra; prolapsed disk

Front 120

nucleus pulposus

Back 120

center gelatinous material w/in an intervertebral disk

Front 121

osteomyelitis

Back 121

Infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including bone marrow

Front 122

osteoporosis

Back 122

Decrease in bone density w/an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle & increasing risk of fractures

Front 123

Paget disease

Back 123

abnormal bone destruction & regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs int eh pelvis, skull, spine & legs; osteitis deformans

Front 124

rickets

Back 124

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by Vitamin D deficiency; rachitis

Front 125

sequestrum

Back 125

Fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Front 126

talipes equinovarus

Back 126

Congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; clubfoot

Front 127

spinal curvatures

Back 127

abnormal deviation of the spin from normal position that results in misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, & scoliosis

Front 128

kyph

Back 128

humback

Front 129

kyphosis

Back 129

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; hunchback

Front 130

lord

Back 130

curve, swayback

Front 131

lordosis

Back 131

Forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

Front 132

scoli

Back 132

crooked, bent

Front 133

scoliosis

Back 133

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis

Front 134

spondylitis

Back 134

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

Front 135

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 135

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine & is characterized by fusion & loss of mobility of 2 or more vertebrae; rheumatoid spondylitis

Front 136

-lithesis

Back 136

slipping

Front 137

sponylolisthesis

Back 137

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebral; spinal cord compression

Front 138

subluxation

Back 138

Partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location w/in a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; partial dislocation

Front 139

arthrocentesis

Back 139

puncture of a joint space w/a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

Front 140

-centesis

Back 140

surgical puncture

Front 141

-scopy

Back 141

visual examination

Front 142

arthroscopy

Back 142

Visual examination of the interior of a joint & its structures using a thin, flexible, fiber optic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera & projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures

Front 143

arthroplasty

Back 143

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

Front 144

total hip arthroplasty

Back 144

Replacement of the femoral head & acetabulum w/prostheses that are fastened into the bone; total hip replacement

Front 145

THR

Back 145

Total Hip Replacement

Front 146

bone reabsorption inhibitors

Back 146

Reduce reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak & fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis & paget disease

Front 147

gold salts

Back 147

Treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity w/in the immune system & preventing further disease progression

Front 148

muscle relaxants

Back 148

Relieve muscle spasms, pain & stiffness

Front 149

NSAIDs

Back 149

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 150

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Back 150

Relieve mild to moderate pain & reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains & strains, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout & tendinitis.

Front 151

Pathological fracture

Back 151

Fracture caused by disease process, osteoporosis or bone cancer.

Front 152

Types of Fractures

Back 152

(1) Closed

(2) Open

(3) Complicated

(4) Comminuted

(5) Impacted

(6) Incomplete

(7) Greenstick

(8) Colles Fracture

Front 153

Closed Fracture

Back 153

Bone is broke, but no open wound in skin

Front 154

Open fracture

Back 154

Bone breaks through skin

Front 155

Complicated Fracture

Back 155

Extensive soft tissue injury such as a broken rib piercing a lung

Front 156

Comminuted fracture

Back 156

bone crushed into several pieces

Front 157

impacted fracture

Back 157

broken ends of a bone are forced into one another

Front 158

incomplete fracture

Back 158

Line of fracture does not include whole bone

Front 159

greenstick fracture

Back 159

Bone is broken only on one side, commonly occurs most in children because growing bones are soft

Front 160

colles fracture

Back 160

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

Front 161

RA

Back 161

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 162

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 162

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease that primarily attacks peripheral joints & surrounding muscles, tendons, ligaments, & blood vessels; autoimmune disease - reaction against own jt tissues, synovial fluid; females > males

Front 163

autoimmune disease

Back 163

body's reaction against "self"

Front 164

ankylosis

Back 164

fibrous immobility of joints, causing immobility & visible deformities

Front 165

Vasculitis

Back 165

Prognosis worsens with the development of these nodules.

Front 166

Rehumatoid factor

Back 166

substance detected in blood test of patients with RA

Front 167

Treatment for RA

Back 167

PT, Heat, Aspirin, NSAIDs, corticosteroids to reudce pain & inflammation

Front 168

Therapeutic drugs for RA

Back 168

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as gold salts

Front 169

HNP

Back 169

Herniated nucleus pulosus (herniated disk)

Front 170

MD

Back 170

muscular dystrophy

Front 171

MG

Back 171

myasthenia gravis