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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
administer a drug to an infected person that destroys the infective agent without harming the host's cells. |
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Antibiotics |
substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms **come primarily from aerobic spore-forming bacteria and fungi** |
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Paul Ehrlich |
early concepts of chemotherapy |
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Prophylaxis |
Drugs administered to prevent an infection from happening |
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Combined Therapy (combination therapy) |
more than 2 drugs at a time to treat an infection |
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Synergy (synergistic effect) |
drugs used together to enhance each other's actions for best therapeutic affect |
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microbes for antibiotics and chemotherapy terminiology |
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narrow- spectrum |
drugs effective on small range of cell types |
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medium-spectrum |
effective on gram + and gram - bacteria but not all types |
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broad-spectrum |
large varieties of bacteria - most gram + and gram - as well as richettsias, mycoplasms and spirochetes |
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drugs and effects on microbial groups |
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Spectrums (pg. 357) |
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antimicrobials and cell wall effects |
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Penicillin & bacterial cell walls (pg. 359) |
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Prokaryotic ribosome inhibition (pg. 340). |
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competitive inhibiton |
mimic normal substrate of enzyme sulfonimides/ trimethoprim |
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sulfonimides/trimethoprim |
mammals do not produce folic acid - obtain it as a derivetive of food allows inhibition of bacterial cells and protozoan parasites (synthesize folic acid) |
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sulfonimide action |
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beta lactam |
interferes with proteins involved in cell wall leading to lysis of cells |
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penicillin |
treat large groups of bacterial infections both synthetic and naturally derived |
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cephalosporin |
versatile, broad spectrum - less allergic effect than penicillins parenteral med |
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parenteral medications |
injection route of medications (in muscles or veins) |
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structure of cephalosporins |
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polymixins |
narrow-spectrum peptide antibiotic B & E - used routinely |
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fluoroquinolones |
synthetic related to quinines broad-spectrum highly potent absorbed by intestines |
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aminoglycosides |
broad-spectrum inhibit protein sysnthesis |
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tetracyclines |
bind to ribosomes, block protein synthesis broad spectrum |
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antibiotic structures |
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azoles |
broad-spectrum antifungals inhibit ergosterol & cell membrane synthesis |
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antiviral drug cycles |
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anti-HIV drugs |
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Interferons |
glycoprotein primarily by fibroblasts |
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Drug resistance |
toleration of drug that |
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transfer of drug resistance (pg. 373) |
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Aquired drug resistance ( Pg. 374) |
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Natural selection of drug resistance (pg. 375) |
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Helpful strategies to limit drug resistance |
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toxicity allergy disruption of normal flora |
damage to a major organ from the effect of a drug drug acts as antigen causing hypersensitivity destruction of normal microbes in normal body chemistry |
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superinfection |
when resistant microbes take over the body! |
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major adverse toxic reactions |
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