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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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he Stanford prison study demonstrates that people:
a. are innately violent unless constrained by society b. behave in accord with their roles in a situation c. will obey orders even when they violate their principles d. placed in all male groups will create dominance hierarchies |
B
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What does the Stanford prison study say about the nature/nurture issue?
a. Aggression is highly heritable and under minimal constraint. b. Behaviors are almost entirely responsive to the social context. c. Genetically predisposed characteristics are expressed in a social context. |
C
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If you had been consulted when Abu Ghraib was being developed, what advice could you have given about minimizing the probability of mistreatment of prisoners?
a. Establish a clear chain of command and clear responsibilities. b. Test potential guards and use only those who are psychologically stable. c. Encourage values by emphasizing group solidarity as Americans. d. Make sure that the guards are paid well enough not to resent their work. |
A
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Among the factors contributing to the mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib was that the guards:
a. had not received sufficient psychological screening b. were being taunted and derogated by the prisoners c. were under pressure to get critical intelligence from the prisoners d. saw the prisoners as an outgroup rather than a related ingroup |
D
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Kate comes from a very small town where everyone is white and there is a great deal of prejudice against people of color. When Kate first meets her college roommate, she is very upset to discover that she is black. Kate quickly discovers that her roommate is smart, funny, and empathetic. Kate starts to like her roommate quite a lot but feels anxious and tense whenever they are together. Kate is experiencing:
a. a conflict between implicit and explicit attitudes b. the effect of exposure on socialization c. the process of extinguishing a conditioned attitude d. unresolved cognitive dissonance |
D
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Kyle was raised in a vegan family. Before he goes to college, his mother tells him that it will probably be impossible for him to maintain a healthy vegan diet in a college dorm and that eating a healthy diet is more important in that situation than eating a vegan diet. Kyle’s mom is trying to protect him from experiencing the unpleasant effects of:
a. conflicting implicit and explicit attitudes b. overcoming socialization c. extinguishing a conditioned attitude d. unresolved cognitive dissonance |
D
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When Saqui breaks up with her boyfriend she cannot decide whether to date her best friend Bradan or a fascinating new man, because they have different attractive qualities. After deciding on the new guy, Saqui finds that she no longer likes Bradan. Even though he wants to continue their long friendship, she keeps finding more things to dislike about him. Saqui is experiencing:
a. cognitive dissonance b. attributional bias c. postdecisional dissonance d. emergence of an implicit attitude |
C
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Researchers in a psychology experiment asked people who were standing on line waiting to bet on a horse race about which horse they planned to bet on and why. Another researcher asked those people the same questions after they had placed the bet. Given your knowledge of social psychology, you could predict that after placing the bet people would be ____________ about their chosen horse because of ____________.
a. more positive; postdecisional dissonance b. less positive; attributional bias c. more positive; buyer’s remorse d. less positive; sunk cost fallacy |
A
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The United States has been involved in a series of wars, from Korea through Iraq, in which a large majority of the people concluded that the war had been a mistake, while the leaders who sent the country to war became ever more convinced of its necessity. Regardless of the actual merits of the war, what psychological concept could explain, in part, the tenacity of the leaders?
a. groupthink in decision making b. postdecisional dissonance c. frustration-aggression hypothesis d. cognitive dissonance |
B
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Song and Prakash are both taking a very difficult and quite boring class in symbolic logic. Song is taking the class because she thought it would be interesting; Prakash is taking the class because it is required for his major. Mia asks them both what the class is like. Based upon cognitive dissonance theory, you could predict that Song would say it is ____________ and Prakash would say it is ____________.
a. terrible; terrible b. terrible; pretty interesting c. pretty interesting; pretty interesting d. pretty interesting; terrible |
D
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When someone employs a stereotype, he is judging a person in terms of their:
a. fundamental qualities b. background c. group membership d. personal affiliations |
C
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The main advantage of a stereotype is that it ____________; the main disadvantage is that it ____________.
a. is a mental shortcut; blocks necessary processing b. identifies critical information; is a mental heuristic c. is basically accurate; is not very detailed d. allows for rapid processing; can lead to errors |
D
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The reason that stereotypes are adaptive is that they:
a. suggest behavioral strategies b. connect critical concepts c. evade cognitive limitations d. prioritize important information |
C
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Sinead really likes Perry when they first meet at a party. When he tells her that he is on the university basketball team, she decides that he must not have many intellectual or academic interests. Sinead’s views are based on:
a. personal prejudices b. group stereotypes c. attributional biases d. cognitive deductions |
B
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Diego is telling his roommate about his lab partner in chemistry. Because his lab partner is a straight A premed student, Diego believes that he is quiet and spends most of his time studying rather than having fun. Since Diego is drawing conclusions from a stereotype, his roommate should ____________ Diego’s description because stereotypes ____________.
a. ignore; are inaccurate b. accept; are generally true c. ignore; come from prejudices d. be cautious about; may or may not be accurate |
D
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that stereotypes tend to be maintained?
a. People pay more attention to stereotype-consistent information. b. People remember stereotype-consistent information better. c. People have more stereotype-consistent experiences. d. People make stereotype-consistent attributions. |
C
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Mandy believes that all engineers are unimaginative. Working on the literary magazine she meets Josiah, who is a fascinating writer and an engineering major. Mandy is likely to handle this contradiction by deciding that:
a. Josiah is the exception to the rule about engineers b. engineers can be interesting and creative c. Josiah does not really want to be an engineer d. creativity is different in engineers |
A
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ofessor Marcus believes that student athletes are lazy and academically incompetent. Every time she has an athlete in one of her classes who is a poor student she takes note of and remembers it. Every time she has an athlete in her class who is an excellent student she ignores it. This is a mechanism by which Professor Marcus _____ her stereotype of student athletes.
a. justifies b. maintains c. makes good use of d. makes adjustments to |
B
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Mr. Chan is hiring bank tellers. He believes that very attractive women do not work hard, so he refuses to hire them. Mr. Chan’s belief about attractive women reflects ____________ and his refusal to hire them reflects ____________.
a. a mental heuristic; a stereotype b. a stereotype; a mental heuristic c. a prejudice; discrimination d. discrimination; a prejudice |
C
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Mr. Lahore has hired four college students to paint his house. Which set of conditions will be likely to produce the best work?
a. each student paints one room by himself b. all of the students work together on each room c. the students work in two-person teams d. the students take turns painting and watching each other |
A
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