Chapter 12- 14 Flashcards

Front 1

Causes actinomycosis

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Actinomyces

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A chronic, systemic disease characterized by deep, lumpy abscesses that extrude a thin, yellow granular pus, referred to as "sulfur granules" through multiple sinuses

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Actinomycosis (Actinomyces)

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Most causative organism in humans

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Actinomyces israelii

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Endogenous: Present in host (mouth and bowel) and not transmitted to host

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Actinomyces israelii

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Results from lowered resistance and trauma

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Actinomyces israelii

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Causes diptheria

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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An acute, contagious disease characterized by the production of a systemic toxin and a false membrane lining of the mucous membrane of the throat

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diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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Two types of this

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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One type involves the nose and throat

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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The one type involves the skin

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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The toxin is particularly damaging to the tissues of the heart and central nervous system, and the dense pseudo membrane in the throat may interfere with eating, drinking, and breathing

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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The D in DPT

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Diptheria

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Gram- positive rod that is club or wedge-shaped

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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Entry: Nose, throat, skin, eyes and lesions

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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Exit: Discharges from entry

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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Mode of Transportation: Discharges from entry

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Diptheria (Corynebacterium diphtheria)

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Causes the disease tuberculosis

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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That is primarily found in the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), but can also be found in other organs of the host ( military tuberculosis) such as lymph nodes, kidneys, bones, joints, etc.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Acid fast positive due to the high lipid content of the cell wall

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Entry: Mouth and nose

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Exit: Mouth and nose

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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MOT: Droplet spray in the air

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Detects the presence of antibody to the organisms cell wall lipid by the development of a red spot where the antigen was placed

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Tuberculin skin test (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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Detects the presence of the organism in the lungs by the development of a radiolucency where the infection is concentrated

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Chest X-Ray (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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Confirms the presence of acid-fast positive bacteria in the sputum. The test will likely be positive if a person has active pulmonary tuberculosis

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Sputum Culture (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

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AKA: Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection

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Cause an opportunistic pulmonary disease which is indistinguishable tuberculosis in person of compromised immunity

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection/ Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Entry: Nose and mouth

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection/ Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Exit: Nose and mouth

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection/ Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Mode of Transmission: Water and soil

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection/ Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Most healthy people have been exposed to the bacteria that cause MAC/MAI and have developed immunity to them. This bacteria usually does not cause illness except in a host with an already depressed autoimmune system.

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Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Infection/ Mycobacterium Avium Intracellular (MAI)

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Small, gram-negative rods with a distinctive curve or comma shape

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The Spiral Bacteria

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Three groups: Curved or comma shaped, Spirochetes, Sprillum

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The Spiral Bacteria

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Genus Vibrio or Campylobacter

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Spiral or comma shaped bacteria

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Highly motile and bend or flex when in motion

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Spirochetes bacteria

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Tightly coiled and do not bend or flex when in motion

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Spirillum bacteria

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Causes Asiatic Cholera

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Vibrio cholera

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A disease characterized by an intense diarrhea that has been given the name "rice-water stools" because of the copious amount fluid present in comparison to the small amount of soiled matter

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Asiatic cholera (Vibrio Chlorea)

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Distinguished from other vibrios by the "cholera red reaction"

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Vibrio Chlorea

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Humans are the only documented host of this organism

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Vibrio Chlorea

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Portal of Entry: Mouth

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Vibrio Chlorea

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Portal of Exit: Feces

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Vibrio Chlorea

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Mode of Transmission: Indirectly through contaminated food and water

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Vibrio Chlorea

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Campylobacteriosis

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AKA: Campylobacter jejuni

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Campylobacter means "curved or rod shaped" in Greek

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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Is a normal flora in both domestic and wild animals

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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In humans if taken via the mouth, may cause a form of gastroenteritis or food poisoning

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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Portal of Entry: Mouth

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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Portal of Exit: Feces

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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Mode of Transmission: Ingestion

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Campylobacter jejuni/ Campylobacteriosis

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Causes Syphilis

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Treponema Pallidum

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Portal of Entry: Mucous membranes

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Treponema Pallidum

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Portals of exit: Moist lesions of the skin and/ or mucous membranes

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Treponema Pallidum

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Mode of Transmission: Direct sexual contact

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Treponema Pallidum

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Causes relapsing fever in humans of either an ENdemic form (Tick-borne) or an EPIdemic from (louse borne)

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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Endimic form of Borrelia Recurrentis

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Tick bourne

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Epidemic form of Borrelia Recurrentis

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Louse bourne

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Relapsing fever is a multi system disease characterized by repeating bouts of fever lasting 2 to 9 days alternating with afebrile periods

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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Symptoms include sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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Portal of entry: Tick or louse bite

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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Portals of Exit: Tick or louse bite

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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MOT: Tick or louse bite from infected animal to be human

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Borrelia Recurrentis

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Causes Lyme Disease

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Flu-like symptoms include skin rash, arthritis and disorders of the heart and central nervous system

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Portal of Entry: Bite from an infected black-legged deer tick

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Portals of Exit: Blood from an infected animal

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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MOT: Bite from an infected black-legged deer tick

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Causes Leptospirosis

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Leptospira interrogans

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Leptospirosis is also known as Weil's Disease

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Leptospira interrogans

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Other colloquial names include canicola fever, hemorrhagic jaundice, infectious jaundice, mud fever, spirochetal jaundice, swamp fever, swineherd's disease, caver's flu or sewer man's flu

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Leptospira interrogans

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Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, and gastro-intestinal disturbances

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Leptospira interrogans

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Portal of Entry: Contact with infected animal urine or water that has been contaminated with infected animal urine

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Leptospira interrogans

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Portal of exit: Body fluid discharges

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Leptospira interrogans

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MOT: Contact with infected animal urine or water that has been contaminated with infected animal urine

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Leptospira interrogans

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Among the smallest of the free-living bacteria

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Mycoplasma

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Have no cell wall

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Mycoplasma

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Describes as having a fried-egg shape

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Mycoplasma

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Causes primary atypical pneumonia

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Mycoplasma

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Causes primary atypical pneumonia

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Mycoplasma

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Portals of Entry: Nose and mouth

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Mycoplasma

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Portals of Exit: Nose and Mouth

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Mycoplasma

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MOT: Droplet spray or direct contact with contaminated respiratory secretions

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Mycoplasma